Abstract
Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are those that do not produce any functional pituitary hormones.
They comprise 25–50 % of all surgically resected pituitary tumors and are the sellar tumors that are most frequently surgically resected.
Because they do not secrete active hormones, NFPAs are more likely to present secondary to features of mass effect on surrounding structures. For this reason, they are typically larger than functional adenomas at the time of diagnosis.
Presenting symptoms often include headache, visual field deficits, decreased libido, fatigue, and other features of hypopituitarism.
The most frequent hormonal abnormalities associated with NFPAs are hypogonadism and hyperprolactinemia, followed by growth hormone deficiency.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Sanno N, Teramoto A, Osamura RY, Horvath E, Kovacs K, Lloyd RV, Scheithauer BW. Pathology of pituitary tumors. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2003;14:25–39.
Fahlbusch R, Buchfelder M, Honegger J, Nomikos P. Nonfunctional pituitary adenomas. In: Krisht AF, Tindall GT, editors. Pituitary disorders: comprehensive management. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1999. p. 281–5.
Ebersold MJ, Quast LM, Laws Jr ER, Scheithauer B, Randall RV. Long-term results in transsphenoidal removal of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. J Neurosurg. 1986;64:713–9.
Saeger W, Ludecke DK, Buchfelder M, Fahlbusch R, Quabbe HJ, Petersenn S. Pathohistological classification of pituitary tumors: 10 years of experience with the German Pituitary Tumor Registry. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007;156:203–16.
Ferrante E, Ferraroni M, Castrignano T, Menicatti L, Anagni M, Reimondo G, et al. Non-functioning pituitary adenoma database: a useful resource to improve the clinical management of pituitary tumors. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;155:823–9.
Patten JP. Neurological differential diagnosis. 2nd ed. London: Springer; 1996.
Black PM, Hsu DW, Klibanski A, Kliman B, Jameson JL, Ridgway EC, et al. Hormone production in clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. J Neurosurg. 1987;66:244–50.
Saccomanno K, Gil del Alamo P, Bassetti M, Reza-Elahi F, Spada A. In vitro detection of glycoprotein production and secretion by human nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. J Endocrinol Invest. 1993;16:109–15.
Yamada S, Asa SL, Kovacs K, Muller P, Smyth HS. Analysis of hormone secretion by clinically nonfunctioning human pituitary adenomas using the reverse hemolytic plaque assay. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1989;68:73–80.
Al-Brahim NY, Asa SL. My approach to pathology of the pituitary gland. J Clin Pathol. 2006;59:1245–53.
Molitch ME, Russell EJ. The pituitary “incidentaloma”. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:925–31.
Alleyne Jr CH, Barrow DL, Oyesiku NM. Combined transsphenoidal and pterional craniotomy approach to giant pituitary tumors. Surg Neurol. 2002;57:380–90; discussion 390.
Saito K, Kuwayama A, Yamamoto N, Sugita K. The transsphenoidal removal of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas with suprasellar extensions: the open sella method and intentionally staged operation. Neurosurgery. 1995;36:668–75; discussion 675–6.
Nomikos P, Ladar C, Fahlbusch R, Buchfelder M. Impact of primary surgery on pituitary function in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas -- a study on 721 patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2004;146:27–35.
Ciric I, Mikhael M, Stafford T, Lawson L, Garces R. Transsphenoidal microsurgery of pituitary macroadenomas with long-term follow-up results. J Neurosurg. 1983;59:395–401.
Trautmann JC, Laws Jr ER. Visual status after transsphenoidal surgery at the Mayo Clinic, 1971–1982. Am J Ophthalmol. 1983;96:200–8.
Zada G, Kelly DF, Cohan P, Wang C, Swerdloff R. Endonasal transsphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomas and other sellar lesions: an assessment of efficacy, safety, and patient impressions. J Neurosurg. 2003;98:350–8.
Chang EF, Zada G, Kim S, Lamborn KR, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Tyrrell JB, et al. Long-term recurrence and mortality after surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy for nonfunctional pituitary adenomas. J Neurosurg. 2008;108:736–45.
Bradley KM, Adams CB, Potter CP, Wheeler DW, Anslow PJ, Burke CW. An audit of selected patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma treated by transsphenoidal surgery without irradiation. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1994;41:655–9.
Dekkers OM, Pereira AM, Roelfsema F, Voormolen JH, Neelis KJ, Schroijen MA, et al. Observation alone after transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:1796–801.
Jane Jr JA, Laws Jr ER. The surgical management of pituitary adenomas in a series of 3,093 patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2001;193:651–9.
Losa M, Valle M, Mortini P, Franzin A, da Passano CF, Cenzato M, et al. Gamma knife surgery for treatment of residual nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas after surgical debulking. J Neurosurg. 2004;100:438–44.
Pollock BE, Carpenter PC. Stereotactic radiosurgery as an alternative to fractionated radiotherapy for patients with recurrent or residual nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Neurosurgery. 2003;53:1086–91; discussion 1091–4.
Sheehan JP, Kondziolka D, Flickinger J, Lunsford LD. Radiosurgery for residual or recurrent nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma. J Neurosurg. 2002;97:408–14.
Wowra B, Stummer W. Efficacy of gamma knife radiosurgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas: a quantitative follow up with magnetic resonance imaging-based volumetric analysis. J Neurosurg. 2002;97:429–32.
Iwai Y, Yamanaka K, Yoshioka K. Radiosurgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Neurosurgery. 2005;56:699–705.
Sheehan JP, Kondziolka D, Flickinger J, Lunsford LD. Radiosurgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma. Neurosurg Focus. 2003;14:e9.
Petruson B, Jakobsson KE, Elfverson J, Bengtsson BA. Five-year follow-up of nonsecreting pituitary adenomas. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:317–22.
Nielsen EH, Lindholm J, Laurberg P, Bjerre P, Christiansen JS, Hagen C, et al. Nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma: incidence, causes of death and quality of life in relation to pituitary function. Pituitary. 2007;10:67–73.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zada, G., Lopes, M.B.S., Mukundan, S., Laws, E. (2016). Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas. In: Zada, G., Lopes, M., Mukundan Jr., S., Laws Jr., E. (eds) Atlas of Sellar and Parasellar Lesions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22855-6_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22855-6_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-22854-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-22855-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)