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Alternative to Transgenesis: Cisgenesis and Intragenesis

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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Breeding, Biotechnology and Molecular Tools

Abstract

As more transgenic crops are commercially released, environmental hazards and potential risk to human health have become a serious concern worldwide. This has led to the development of the two new concepts of cisgenesis and intragenesis as alternatives to transgenesis. Both these concepts, although different at the molecular level, make use of genes present in a sexually-compatible gene pool for crop improvement. The risks associated with alien gene introgression are mitigated to some extent. To date these new concepts have been employed in few important food, fruit, forage and woody crops and many more developments are in the pipeline. Studies have revealed that cisgenesis is similar to traditional breeding with additional advantages of transfer of desirable gene in a single step and less risk of linkage drag, while both intragenesis and transgenesis may lead to novel hazards like foreign gene introgression unassociated with conventional breeding. These novel techniques are safer than transgenesis; however, unintended and unexpected effects of random gene insertion and interaction between foreign genes and host genes in the transgenic organisms are reported. Research focus is now shifting to gene targeting to achieve site-specific mutagenesis to avoid potential risks associated with insertions at random locations (ectopic) in the genome. Acceptance of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) requires consumer awareness of safety issues with respect to the environment and human health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India

    Ankita Singh & Meenakshi Joshi

  2. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Tripura, Lembucherra, West Tripura, India

    E. Lamalakshmi Devi

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  1. Ankita Singh
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  2. Meenakshi Joshi
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  3. E. Lamalakshmi Devi
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Correspondence to E. Lamalakshmi Devi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. University of Helsinki , 00014 HELSINKI, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

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Singh, A., Joshi, M., Devi, E.L. (2015). Alternative to Transgenesis: Cisgenesis and Intragenesis. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Breeding, Biotechnology and Molecular Tools. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22521-0_12

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