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Diet, Osteoporosis, and Fracture Prevention: The Totality of the Evidence

  • Chapter
Preventive Nutrition

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

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Abstract

Osteoporosis is currently defined as “a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing a person to an increased risk of fracture. Bone strength primarily reflects the integration of bone density and bone quality” (JAMA 285(6):785–95, 2001). Bone matrix is composed of collagen and other proteins which are mineralized with calcium and phosphorus. Nutritional intake of these proteins, calcium, and phosphorus are obviously needed to provide these important structural components. Nutritional intake of other vitamins and minerals are needed for the cellular processes of bone tissue deposition, maintenance, and repair. In this chapter, we will review the main micronutrients involved in bone growth, remodeling, and repair; but bear in mind that nutrition comprises all nutrients and micronutrients consumed as food, and as such, food is a sum of more than its component parts. Simply supplementing with adequate intakes of the various nutrients does not make a balanced diet, and likely will not have the same benefits. Some micronutrients may be more important to bone than we realize, but separating them out from the diet and focusing on them as a single actor may not be possible. Micronutrients are not drugs and shouldn’t be separated from a balanced diet in practical application. As these are nutrients, the advantage in adding them to a diet will be most beneficial for those with deficiency. For example, adding additional calcium to an already calcium replete diet offers no additional benefit. However, much of the population has inadequate intakes of calcium to build and maintain their skeletons.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983332 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198–3332, USA

    Laura A. G. Armas M.D., M.S.

  2. Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, 601 N 30th St., Omaha, NE, 68131, USA

    Robert P. Heaney M.D.

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  1. Laura A. G. Armas M.D., M.S.
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  2. Robert P. Heaney M.D.
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Correspondence to Laura A. G. Armas M.D., M.S. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Consultants in Consumer Healthcare, Morristown, New Jersey, USA

    Adrianne Bendich

  2. Columbia University Inst. Human Nutrition, New York, New York, USA

    Richard J. Deckelbaum

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Armas, L.A.G., Heaney, R.P. (2015). Diet, Osteoporosis, and Fracture Prevention: The Totality of the Evidence. In: Bendich, A., Deckelbaum, R. (eds) Preventive Nutrition. Nutrition and Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22431-2_26

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22431-2_26

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