Skip to main content

Magnesium and Cell Membrane Stability in the Critically Ill Patient

  • Chapter
Key Topics in Management of the Critically Ill

Abstract

Normal serum magnesium (Mg2+) reference range is 0.7–1.1 mmol/L, of which 65–80 % is ionised and considered to be the physiologically useful portion in serum [1–4].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ACE:

Angiotensin converting enzyme

ATP:

Adenosin triphosphate

BNF:

British National Formulary

IMM:

Inner mitochondrial membrane

MPTP:

Mitochondrial permeability transition pore

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PTH:

Parathyroid hormone

References

  1. Sharma PC, Vizcaychipi CM (2014) Magnesium: the neglected electrolyte? A clinical review. Pharmacol and Pharm 5:762–772

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Markowitz JD, Narasimhan M (2008) Delirium and antipsychotics: a systematic review of epidemiology and somatic treatment options. Psychiatry (Edgmont) 5:29–36

    Google Scholar 

  3. Romani A (2007) Regulation of magnesium homeostasis and transport in mammalian cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 458:90–102

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Swaminathan R (2003) Magnesium metabolism and its disorders. Clin Biochem Rev 24:47–66

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Fawcett WJ, Haxby EJ, Male DA (1999) Magnesium: physiology and pharmacology. Br J Anaesth 83:302–320

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Moskowitz A, Lee J, Donnino MW, Mark R, Celi LA, Danziger J (published online 2014) The association between admission magnesium concentrations and lactic acidosis in critical illness. J Intensive Care Med 10.1177/0885066614530659

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ayuk J, Gittoes NJ (2014) Contemporary view of the clinical relevance of magnesium homeostasis. Ann Clin Biochem 51:179–188

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Quamme GA (1997) Renal magnesium handling: new insights in understanding old problems. Kidney Int 52:1180–1195

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. (2013) Evaluation and treatment of hypomagnesemia. 2015, at http://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-and-treatment-of-hypomagnesemia?source=search_result&search=hypomagnesemia&selectedTitle=1~150

  10. Safavi M, Honarmand A (2007) Admission hypomagnesemia – impact on mortality or morbidity in critically ill patients. Middle East J Anaesthesiol 19:645–660

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Altura BM (1994) Introduction: importance of Mg in physiology and medicine and the need for ion selective electrodes. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 217:5–9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Halestrap AP, Clarke SJ, Javadov SA (2004) Mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening during myocardial reperfusion – a target for cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Res 61:372–385

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Zamzami N, Kroemer G (2001) The mitochondrion in apoptosis: how Pandora’s box opens. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2:67–71

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Iseri LT, French JH (1984) Magnesium: nature’s physiologic calcium blocker. Am Heart J 108:188–193

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Laver DR, Baynes TM, Dulhunty AF (1997) Magnesium inhibition of ryanodine-receptor calcium channels: evidence for two independent mechanisms. J Membr Biol 156:213–229

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Kolte D, Vijayaraghavan K, Khera S, Sica DA, Frishman WH (2014) Role of magnesium in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiol Rev 22:182–192

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Martin KJ, Gonzalez EA, Slatopolsky E (2009) Clinical consequences and management of hypomagnesemia. J Am Soc Nephrol 20:2291–2295

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Schweigel M, Martens H (2000) Magnesium transport in the gastrointestinal tract. Front Biosci 5:D666–D677

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Kraft MD, Btaiche IF, Sacks GS, Kudsk KA (2005) Treatment of electrolyte disorders in adult patients in the intensive care unit. Am J Health Syst Pharm 62:1663–1682

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Saris NE, Mervaala E, Karppanen H, Khawaja JA, Lewenstam A (2000) Magnesium. An update on physiological, clinical and analytical aspects. Clin Chim Acta 294:1–26

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Schuck P, Gammelin G, Resch KL (1998) Magnesium and phosphorus. Lancet 352:1474–1475; author reply 1475–1476

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Huijgen HJ, Soesan M, Sanders R, Mairuhu WM, Kesecioglu J, Sanders GT (2000) Magnesium levels in critically ill patients. What should we measure? Am J Clin Pathol 114:688–695

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. (2015) Magnesium. 11 2015, at http://www.evidence.nhs.uk/formulary/bnf/current/9-nutrition-and-blood/95-minerals/951-calcium-and-magnesium/9513-magnesium

  24. Komaki F, Akiyama T, Yamazaki T, Kitagawa H, Nosaka S, Shirai M (2013) Effects of intravenous magnesium infusion on in vivo release of acetylcholine and catecholamine in rat adrenal medulla. Auton Neurosci 177:123–128

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Woods KL, Fletcher S, Roffe C, Haider Y (1992) Intravenous magnesium sulphate in suspected acute myocardial infarction: results of the second Leicester Intravenous Magnesium Intervention Trial (LIMIT-2). Lancet 339:1553–1558

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. ISIS-4 (Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group (1995) ISIS-4: a randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58,050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 345:669–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Magnesium in Coronaries Trial I (2002) Early administration of intravenous magnesium to high-risk patients with acute myocardial infarction in the Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) Trial: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 360:1189–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Nuytten D, Van Hees J, Meulemans A, Carton H (1991) Magnesium deficiency as a cause of acute intractable seizures. J Neurol 238:262–264

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Altman D, Carroli G, Duley L et al (2002) Do women with pre-eclampsia, and their babies, benefit from magnesium sulphate? The Magpie Trial: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 359:1877–1890

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Rowe BH, Bretzlaff JA, Bourdon C, Bota GW, Camargo CA Jr (2000) Intravenous magnesium sulfate treatment for acute asthma in the emergency department: a systematic review of the literature. Ann Emerg Med 36:181–190

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. (2014) Symptoms of hypermagnesaemia. 2014, at http://www.uptodate.com/contents/symptoms-of-hypermagnesemia

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pranev Sharma MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bamgbose, F., Sharma, P. (2016). Magnesium and Cell Membrane Stability in the Critically Ill Patient. In: Vizcaychipi, M., Corredor, C. (eds) Key Topics in Management of the Critically Ill. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22377-3_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22377-3_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-22376-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-22377-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics