Skip to main content

Abstract

Injury to the extrahepatic biliary tree is uncommon, but also deadly given adjacent anatomy. Cholecystectomy is indicated for all trauma to the gallbladder. Full thickness common bile duct injuries generally necessitate a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in the stable patient, whereas very minor injuries can occasionally be treated with primary repair. All patients displaying physiologic extremis should undergo initial damage control resuscitation/surgery by arresting ongoing hemorrhage and controlling the biliary fistula with an appropriate modality of drainage. Chronic biliary stenoses are managed in a manner similar to patients with a delayed diagnosis of bile duct injury. This chapter will outline the evidence and rationale behind each of these subject areas.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ball CG, Dixon E, Kirkpatrick AW, et al. A decade of experience with injuries to the gallbladder. J Trauma Manag Outcomes. 2010;4:3.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Posner MC, Moore EE. Extrahepatic biliary injury: operative management plan. J Trauma. 1985;25(9):833–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Zellweger R, Navsaria PH, Hess F, et al. Gallbladder injuries as part of the spectrum of civilian abdominal trauma in South Africa. ANZ J Surg. 2005;75:559–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Feliciano DV. Biliary injuries as a result of blunt and penetrating trauma. Surg Clin North Am. 1994;74:897–907.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Jurkovich GJ, Hoyt DB, Moore FA, et al. Portal triad injuries. J Trauma. 1995;39(3):426–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ball CG. Damage control resuscitation: history, theory and technique. Can J Surg. 2014;57(1):55–60.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Ball CG, Wyrzykowski AD, Nicholas JM, et al. A decade’s experience with balloon catheter tamponade for the emergency control of hemorrhage. J Trauma. 2011;70(2):330–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Ball CG, Kirkpatrick AW, Rajani RR, et al. Temporary intravascular shunts: when are we really using them according to the NTDB? Am Surg. 2009;75(7):605–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Pachter HL, Liang HG, Hofstetter SR. Liver and biliary tract trauma. Trauma. 2nd ed. Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange; 1991. p. 441.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Mercado MA, Chan C, Jacinto JC, et al. Voluntary and involuntary ligature of the bile duct in iatrogenic injuries: a nonadvisable approach. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008;12(6):1029–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Yoshimi F, Ikeda M, Oka D, Asato Y. Reconstruction of small bile ducts using a parachute technique. Hepatogastroenterology. 2002;49(47):1213–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sutherland F, Dixon E. Extramucosal hepaticojejunostomy. Am J Surg. 2005;189(6):667–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Jablonska B. End-to-end ductal anastomosis in biliary reconstruction: indications and limitations. Can J Surg. 2014;57(4):271–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Ivatury RR, Rohman M, Nallathambi M, et al. The morbidity of injuries to the extrahepatic biliary system. J Trauma. 1985;25:967.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Stewart L, Way L. Bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Factors that influence the results of treatment. Arch Surg. 1995;130(10):1123–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Weintraub S, Grunspan M, Singer D. Hepaticocholecystomy and cholecystojejunostomy for bile drainage. A palliative procedure. Am J Surg. 1980;139(3):441–2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Strasberg SM, Helton WS. An analytical review of vasculobiliary injury in laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy. HPB (Oxford). 2011;13(1):1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Blumgart LH, Kelley CJ. Hepaticojejunostomy in benign and malignant high bile duct stricture: approaches to the left hepatic duct. Br J Surg. 1984;71(4):257–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Saad WE. Transhepatic techniques for accessing the biliary tree. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008;11(1):21–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Lillemoe KD. Current management of bile duct injury. Br J Surg. 2008;95(4):403–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ejaz A, Spolverto G, Kim Y, et al. Long-term health-related quality of life after iatrogenic bile duct injury repair. J Am Coll Surg. 2014;219(5):923–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Lillemoe KD, Meltoon GB, Cameron JL, et al. Postoperative bile duct strictures: management and outcomes in the 1990s. Ann Surg. 2000;232:430–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. American Association for the Surgery of Trauma. Extrahepatic biliary tree injury scale. Table 9. 2014. http://www.aast.org/Library/TraumaTools/InjuryScoringScales.aspx#tree

  24. Costa Magna G, Pandolfi M, Mutignani M, et al. Long-term results of endoscopic management of postoperative bile duct strictures with increasing number of stents. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;54:162–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Pinto-Pais T, Pinho R, Procena L, et al. Iatrogenic biliary in a patient with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy: stenting repair with a single-balloon enteroscopy-assisted ERCP. Endoscopy. 2014;46 Suppl 1:E506–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chad G. Ball M.D., M.S.C., F.R.C.S.C. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ball, C.G. (2015). Traumatic Biliary Strictures. In: Dixon, E., Vollmer Jr., C., May, G. (eds) Management of Benign Biliary Stenosis and Injury. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22273-8_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22273-8_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-22272-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-22273-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics