Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Venous thromboprophylaxis in children

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Thromboprophylaxis

  • 697 Accesses

Abstract

Prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children should initially involve a risk assessment of which there are few within the literature. There are no specific national protocols for assessing VTE risk in children.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Venous thromboembolism: reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) in patients admitted to hospital. NICE clinical guideline 92. Issued January 2010. http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg92/resources/guidance-venous-thromboembolismreducing-the-risk-pdf. Accessed January 19, 2016.

  2. Raffini L, Trimarchi T, Beliveau J, Davis D. Thromboprophylaxis in a paediatric hospital: a patient-safety and quality-improvement initiative. Pediatrics. 2011;127:e1326-e1332.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Jackson PC, Morgan JM. Perioperative thromboprophylaxis in children: development of a guideline for management. Pediatri Anesth. 2008;18:478-487.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Raffini L, Huang H-S, Witmer C, Feudtner C. Dramatic increase in venous thromboembolism in children’s hospitals in the United States from 2001 to 2007. Pediatrics. 2009;124:1001-1008.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Journeycake JM, Manco-Johnson MJ. Thrombosis during infancy and childhood: what we know and what we don’t know. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2004;18:1315-1338.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Male C, Chait P, Andrew M, Hanna K, Julian J, Mitchell L, PARKAA Investigators. Central venous line-related thrombosis in children: association with central venous line location and insertion technique. Blood. 2003;101:4273-4278.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Farinasso L, Bertorello N, Garbarini L, et al. Risk factors of central venous lines-related thrombosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during induction therapy: a prospective study. Leukemia. 2007; 21:552-556.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Revel-Vilk S, Jacobovitch J, Tamary H, et al. Risk factors for central venous catheter thrombotic complications in children and adolescents with cancer. Cancer. 2010;116:4197-4205.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Caruso V, Iacoviello L, Di Castelnuovo A, et al. Thrombotic complications in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. A meta-analysis of 17 prospective studies comprising 1752 pediatric patients. Blood. 2006;108:2216-2222.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Qureshi A, Mitchell C, Richards S, Vora A, Goulden N. Asparaginase-related venous thrombosis in UKALL 2003–re-exposure to asparaginase is feasible and safe. Br J Haematol. 2010;149:410-413.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Astwood E, Vora A. Personal practice: how we manage the risk of bleeding and thrombosis in children and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Brit Journ Haem. 2011;152:505-511.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Piovesan D, Attard C, Monagle P Ignjatovic V. Epidemiology of venous thrombosis in children with cancer. Thromb Haemost. 2014;111:1015-1021.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Massicotte MP, Dix D, Monagle P, Adams M, Andrew M. Central venous catheter related thrombosis in children: analysis of the Canadian Registry of Venous Thromboembolic Complications. J Pediatr. 1998;133:770-776.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Massicotte P, Mitchell L. Thromboprophylaxis of central venous lines in children with cancer: the first steps taken on the long road ahead. Acta Paediatr. 2006; 95:1049-1052.

    Google Scholar 

  15. van Ommen CH, Heijboer H, Buller H, Hirasing RA, Hijmans HS, Peters M. Venous thromboembolism in childhood: a prospective two-year registry in the Netherlands. J Pediatr. 2001;139:676-681.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Braga AJ, Young AE. Preventing venous thrombosis in critically ill children: what is the right approach? Paediatr Anaesth. 2011;21:435-440.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Faustino EV, Hanson S, Spinella PC, et al. A multinational study of thromboprophylaxis practice in critically ill children. Crit Care Med. 2014;42:1232-1240.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Thompson AJ, McSwain SD, Webb SA, Stroud MA, Streck CJ. Thromboembolism prophylaxis in the pediatric trauma population. J Pediatr Surg. 2013;48:1413-1421.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Askegard-Giesmann JR, O’Brien SH, Wang W, Kenney BD. Increased use of enoxaparin in pediatric trauma patients. J Pediatr Surg. 2012;47:980-983.

    Google Scholar 

  20. O’Brien SH, Klima J, Gaines BA, Betz S, Zenati MS. Utilisation of low-molecular weight heparin in pediatric and adolescent trauma patients. J Trauma Nurs. 2012;19:117-121.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Greenwald LJ, Yost MT, Sponseller PD, Abdullah F, Ziegfeld SM, Ain MC. The role of clinically significant venous thromboembolism and thrombopropylaxis in pediatric patients with pelvic or femoral fractures. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32:357-361.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Hanson SJ, Punzalan RC, Arca MJ, et al. Effectiveness of clinical guidelines for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in reducing the incidence of venous thromboembolism in critically ill children after trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;72:1292-1297.

    Google Scholar 

  23. McCrindle BW, Manlhiot C, Cochrane A, et al. Factors associated with thrombotic complications after the Fontan procedure: a secondary analysis of a multicenter, randomized trial of primary thromboprophylaxis for 2 years after the Fontan procedure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:346-353.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Zitomersky NL, Levine AE, Atkinson BJ,et al. Risk factors, morbidity and treatment of thrombosis in children and young adults with active inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;57:343-347.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kappelman MD, Horvath-Puho, Sandler RS, et al. Thromboembolic risk among Danish children and adults with inflammatory bowel diseases: a population-based nationwide study. Gut. 2011;60:937-943.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Chalmers E, Ganesen V, Liesner R, Maroo S, Nokes T, Saunders D, Williams M. Guideline on the investigation, management and prevention of venous thrombosis in children. Br J Haematol. 2011;154:196-207.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Mitchell L, Lambers M, Flege S, et al. Validation of a predictive model for identifying an increased risk for thromboembolism in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of a multicenter cohort study. Blood. 2010;115:4999-5004.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Shah P, Shah V. Continuous heparin infusion to prevent thrombosis and catheter occlusion in neonates with peripherally placed percutaneous central venous cathers. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2001;CD002772.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Vegting IL, Tabbers MM, Benninga MA, et al. Prophylactic anticoagulation decreases catheterrelated thrombosis and occlusion in children with home parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012;36:456-462.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Amarigiri SV, Lees TA. Elastic compression stockings for prevention of deep vein thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;CD001484.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Monagle P, Chan A, Massicotte P, Chalmers E, Michelson AD. Antithrombotic therapy in children: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest, 2008;133:887–968.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Dennis M, Sandercock P, Reid J, Graham C, Forbes J, Murray G. Effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic compression in reduction of risk of deep vein thrombosis in patients who have had a stroke (CLOTS 3): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. CLOTS (Clots in Legs Or sTockings after Stroke) Trials Collaboration. The Lancet. 2013;382:516-524.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Baglin TP, Brush J, Strieff M. Guidelines on the use of Vena Cava filters. Br J Haematol. 2006;134:590-595.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Reed RA, Teitelbaum GP, Stanley P, Mazer MJ, Tonkin IL, Rollins NK. The use of Inferior Vena Cava filters in pediatric patients for pulmonary embolism prophylaxis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 1996;19:401-405.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Cahn MD, Rohrer MJ, Martella MB, Cutler BS. Long-term follow-up of Greenfield inferior vena cava filter placement in children. J Vasc Surg. 2001;34:820-825.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Monagle P, Chalmers E, Chan A, deVeber G, Kirkham F, Massicotte P, Michelson AD. Antithrombotic therapy in Neonates and Children: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edition) Chest 2008;133(6-suppl):887S-968S

    Google Scholar 

  37. Haider EA, Choi Rosen J, Torres C, Valenti DA. Serial repositioning of a gunthe tulip retrievableinferior vena cava filter in a pediatric patient. Paediatr Radiol. 2005;35:1135-1138.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Brandao LR, Shah N, Shah PS. Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of central venous catheterization-related thrombosis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;3:CD005982.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Meister B, Kropshofer G, Klein-Franke A, Strasak AM, Hager J, Streif W. Comparison of low molecular-weight heparin and antithrombin versus antithrombin alone for the prevention of symptomatic venous thromboembolism in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008;50:298-303.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Mitchell L, Andrew M, Hanna K, et al. Trend to efficacy and safety using antithrombin concentrate in prevention of thrombosis in children receiving l-asparaginase for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Results of the PAARKA study. Thromb Haemost. 2003;90:235-244.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Abbott, LS, Deevska M, Fernandez CV, et al. The impact of prophylactic fresh-frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate on the incidence of central nervous system thrombosis and hemorrhage in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving asparaginase. Blood. 2009;114:5146-5151

    Google Scholar 

  42. Raffini L, Thornburg C. Testing children for inherited thrombophilia: more questions than answers. Br J Haematol. 2009;147:277-288.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Farge D, Debourdeau P, Beckers M, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. J Thromb Haemost. 2013;11:56-70.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Sabharwal S, Passannante MR. Venous thromboembolism in children: preliminary results of a survey of POSNA members. J Pediatr Orthop. 2013;33:852-856.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Ruud EL, Holmstrom H, De Lange C, Hogstad EM, Wesenberg F. Low-dose warfarin for the prevention of central line-associated thromboses in children with malignancies-a randomized, controlled study. Acta Paediatr. 2006;95:1053-1059.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Massicotte P, Julian JA, Gent M, Shields K, Marzinotto V, Szechtman B, et al. PROTEKT Study Group. An open- label randomized controlled trial of low molecular weight heparin for the prevention of central venous line-related thrombotic complications in children: the PROTEKT trial. Thrombosis Research. 2003;109:101-108.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Schoot RA, Kremer LC, van de Wetering MD, van Ommen CH. Systemic treatments for the prevention of venous thrombo-embolic events in paediatric cancer patients with tunnelled central venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;9:CD009160.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Vidal E, Sharathkumar A, Glover J, Faustino EV. Central venous catheter-related thrombosis and thromboprophylaxis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost. 2014;12:1096-1109.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Lyle CA, Sidonio RF, Goldenberg NA. New developments in pediatric venous thromboembolism and anticoagulation, including the target-specific oral anticoagulants. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2015;27:18-25.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

    Timothy Nokes

Authors
  1. Timothy Nokes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

    David Perry

  2. Southampton University Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom

    David Warwick

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nokes, T. (2016). Venous thromboprophylaxis in children. In: Perry, D., Warwick, D. (eds) Handbook of Thromboprophylaxis. Adis, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21148-0_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21148-0_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Adis, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-21147-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-21148-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation