Abstract
Clay-rich landslides commonly involve retrogressive mass and momentum release mechanisms. Motivated by the retrogressive behaviour of major landslides offshore Norway, previous studies have demonstrated substantial effects of the release rate on the generation of the tsunami. However, the few existing models are limited to overly idealized conditions. In the present study, we explore further the wave generation due to a continuous retrogressive landslide model, quantifying the effects of the wave model, landslide configuration, and the continental slope. In the present examples, we find that the landslides involve large accelerations that may be crucial for tsunami-genesis. Tsunami footprints due to individual short blocks comprising the landslide are smeared out by dispersion. Keeping landslide material properties constant, we investigate mobilised landslide mass and maximum tsunami crest elevations for three different slopes: 1°, 1.5°, and 2° respectively. In the present examples, the smaller volume landslides are stronger tsunami generators than the larger ones because they are situated in shallower water, thereby clearly demonstrating the importance of the water depth on the tsunami generation.
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Acknowledgments
The work has been supported by the Norwegian Research Council under project no. 231252 and no. 205184, as well as by the project ASTARTE (Assessment, STrategy, And Risk reduction for Tsunamis in Europe), Grant 603839, 7th FP (ENV.2013.6.4-3, ENV.2013.6.4-3). We also thank Tore Kvalstad for his assistance in setting up the retrogressive landslide model, and for his comments to the section describing the landslide model. Finally, Mohammad Heidarzadeh and Raphaël Paris are both thanked for their constructive review comments.
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Løvholt, F., Pedersen, G., Harbitz, C.B. (2016). Tsunami-Genesis Due to Retrogressive Landslides on an Inclined Seabed. In: Lamarche, G., et al. Submarine Mass Movements and their Consequences. Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, vol 41. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20979-1_57
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20979-1_57
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