Abstract
In addition to optical excitation, there are different possibilities to achieve the excited states of molecular and nanoscale luminophores in chemical and biochemical reactions (chemiluminescence and bioluminescence) and reactions at electrode (electroluminescence and electrochemiluminescence). Radioactive light source can also be used for excitation, generating radioluminescence. Excitation can also be provided by simultaneous absorption of two photons or by application of evanescent wave. Reporting can be provided by stimulated emission and laser action and, even more, by direct electron transfer to conducting surface. Plasmonic effect can be used for dramatic enhancement of fluorescence. All that expands the possibilities in applications of fluorescence sensing technologies.
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Demchenko, A.P. (2015). Non-conventional Generation and Transformation of Response. In: Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20780-3_10
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