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Microscale Cell Encapsulation Materials and Fabrication Techniques for Type 1 Diabetes

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Microscale Technologies for Cell Engineering

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Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease where pancreatic beta cells, the only insulin-producing cells, are attacked and destroyed by a patient’s own immune system. Currently, insulin injection or infusion remains the only standard treatment for T1D. However, insulin does not cure this disease nor does it permit minute-to-minute regulation as pancreatic beta cells do. This can lead to various hyper/hypoglycemia-associated complications. Islet transplantation provides a potential alternative therapy and has been successfully used to treat patients. However, the severe shortage of donor organs and the life-long immunosuppression that are required by such a transplant have prevented this approach from being widely used. Recently, transplantation of encapsulated or immunoprotected islets or stem cell-derived beta-like cells has become an increasingly promising approach. In order to accomplish the encapsulation and immunoprotection, a variety of materials and microscale techniques have been developed. This chapter provides a brief overview of the different methods developed to fabricate microscale encapsulation materials and devices. We conclude that although challenging, fabrication and material innovation may one day make the cell encapsulation a clinical reality for T1D patients.

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Abbreviations

T1D:

Type 1 diabetes

STZ:

Streptozotocin

PVA:

Polyvinyl alcohol

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PLGA:

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)

NEEDs:

Nanofiber-enabled encapsulation devices

HA:

Hyaluronic acid

PDMS:

Polydimethylsiloxane

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  1. Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    Yu Zhang & Minglin Ma

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  1. Yu Zhang
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  1. Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

    Ankur Singh

  2. Eng & Dept of Material Science and Eng, Texas A&M University, Dept of Biomedical, College Station, Texas, USA

    Akhilesh K. Gaharwar

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Zhang, Y., Ma, M. (2016). Microscale Cell Encapsulation Materials and Fabrication Techniques for Type 1 Diabetes. In: Singh, A., Gaharwar, A. (eds) Microscale Technologies for Cell Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20726-1_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20726-1_11

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