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Infection and Cancer: Bi-Directorial Interactions pp 335–376Cite as

Bacterial Cancer Therapy: How Patients Might Benefit from Salmonella Infections

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Abstract

A growing tumor undergoes processes of heterogenisation and selection resulting in a complex system that facilitates further growth and progression. Immunosuppressive conditions belong to the hallmarks of this microenvironment, as they prevent efficient anti-cancer immunity. Eligible danger signal seems to be the missing link in the chain of events that would lead to successful elimination of cancer. The concept of bacterial cancer therapy is based on the ability of some microbial species to target tumor site and activate the cancer-specific response via pathogen-associated immunostimulatory signals. To date, a number of bacterial species have been shown to colonize tumor tissue, but strains of Salmonella are particularly interesting, since they meet all the requirements for an ideal tumor-targeting agent: a motile, facultatively anaerobic, intracellular microorganism that is prone to genetic manipulations. The most promising, S. Typhimurium, has multiple adaptations that are therapeutically relevant, including broad host specificity, specialized secretion systems and virulence factors with proapoptotic and immunomodulatory properties. Attenuation of wild-type strains has rendered them safe for preclinical and clinical use, while additional genetic modifications can add to their capacity to kill tumor cells and stimulate anti-cancer immunity. Given the recent developments in the field and the spectrum of possibilities offered by S. Typhimurium and its derivatives, it has a good chance of becoming a novel tool in the anticancer toolbox.

Dedication

In memory of Michał Bereta, who ‘infected’ us with the idea of therapeutic Salmonella

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Abbreviations

APC:

Antigen-Presenting Cell

CEA:

CarcinoEmbryonic Antigen

DAMP:

Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern

DC:

Dendritic Cell

IDO:

Indoleamine 2,3-DiOxygenase

IFN-I:

type I InterFeroN

IFNγ:

InterFeroN gamma

IL:

InterLeukin

LPS:

LipoPolySaccharide

MDSC:

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

MHC:

Major Histocompatibility Complex

MMP:

Matrix MetalloProtease

MTD:

Maximum Tolerated Dose

PAMP:

Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern

scFv:

single chain variable fragment antibody

SCV:

Salmonella-Containing Vacuole

shRNA:

short hairpin RNA

SPI:

Salmonella Pathogenicity Island

STAT3:

Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3

TTSS:

Type III Secretion System

TAA:

Tumor-Associated Antigen

TAM:

Tumor-Associated Macrophage

TLR:

Toll-Like Receptor

TNF:

Tumor Necrosis Factor

TRAIL:

TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand

Treg:

regulatory T cell

VEGF:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Grzegorz Bereta for his help with manuscript preparation, especially for the scientific illustration, as well as fruitful discussions. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Polish National Centre for Research and Development through INNOTECH grant no. 152553 and the funding from the Jagiellonian University within the SET project co-financed by the European Union. Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków is a partner of the Leading National Research Center (KNOW) supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education.

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  1. Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland

    Paulina Chorobik, Dominik Czaplicki, Karolina Ossysek & Joanna Bereta

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  1. Paulina Chorobik
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  1. Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Michael R. Shurin

  2. Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA

    Yasmin Thanavala

  3. Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Nahed Ismail

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Chorobik, P., Czaplicki, D., Ossysek, K., Bereta, J. (2015). Bacterial Cancer Therapy: How Patients Might Benefit from Salmonella Infections. In: Shurin, M., Thanavala, Y., Ismail, N. (eds) Infection and Cancer: Bi-Directorial Interactions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20669-1_16

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