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Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease pp 147–163Cite as

Genetic Basis of Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) are both leading causes of nonviral chronic liver diseases, and the prevalence of these two clinical disorders is constantly growing worldwide.

NAFLD and AFLD share similar natural history, histologic features, and major molecular mechanisms, leading to inflammation and increased fibrogenesis. In this chapter, we revise current knowledge and recent insights regarding the genetic basis of NAFLD and AFLD in an integrative approach to understand the role of the genetic component in the susceptibility of abnormal liver fat accumulation and the progression of liver disease.

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Abbreviations

AFLD:

Alcoholic fatty liver disease

ALT:

Alanine aminotransferase

GGT:

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase

GWAS:

Genome-wide association studies

MetSyn:

Metabolic syndrome

miRNA:

microRNA

NAFLD:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

NASH:

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

PNPLA3:

Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3

SNP:

Single-nucleotide polymorphism

TAG:

Triacylglycerol

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Funding Support

This study was supported partially by grants PICT 2010-0441 and PICT 2012-0159 (Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica) and UBACYT CM04 (Universidad de Buenos Aires).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIM, University of Buenos Aires—National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Combatiente de Malvinas 3150, Buenos Aires, 1427, Argentina

    Silvia Sookoian M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research A Lanari-IDIM, University of Buenos Aires—National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Combatiente de Malvinas 3150, Buenos Aires, 1427, Argentina

    Carlos Jose Pirola Ph.D.

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  1. Silvia Sookoian M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Carlos Jose Pirola Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Silvia Sookoian M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

    Naga Chalasani

  2. Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA

    Gyongyi Szabo

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Sookoian, S., Pirola, C.J. (2016). Genetic Basis of Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. In: Chalasani, N., Szabo, G. (eds) Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20538-0_7

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