Abstract
The big issues we face today are those that go to the heart of our societies, economies and environments. What is the best response to terrorism? What is the right approach to immigration to enhance society and build the economy? How can we preserve water resources while achieving economic returns from irrigated agriculture in a way that fits with the local context? These are just a few examples of the intractable challenges that we face today. These are the types of problems that C. West Churchman called “wicked problems” in his “Guest Editorial” of Management Science. Wicked problems resist resolution and have many interrelated parts such that a change in one area will affect the other parts, often in an unintended way (see also: Rittel and Webber 1973).
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Notes
- 1.
The output of innovation can be viewed as a matrix created by a convolution of the elements of current system parameters and the elements of innovation.
- 2.
An analogy of that is a car driver who can tell the condition of the road without resorting to analytical data.
- 3.
The concept of innovation output was discussed by (Keeley et al. 2013).
- 4.
- 5.
See for example articles in the “Action Research Journal”: http://arj.sagepub.com, and http://infed.org/mobi/kurt-lewin-groups-experiential-learning-and-action-research/
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Body, J., Habbal, F. (2016). The Innovation Ecosystem. In: Banerjee, B., Ceri, S. (eds) Creating Innovation Leaders. Understanding Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20520-5_2
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