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Embodiment and Social Interaction

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Embodied Social Cognition

Part of the book series: Cognitive Systems Monographs ((COSMOS,volume 26))

Abstract

This chapter discusses different aspects of embodiment in social interaction. Experimental findings of social embodiment effects in social psychology, emotions, and attitudes are reviewed. Furthermore, phenomenological issues as well as neurological underpinnings of embodiment in social interaction are discussed. In particular, the chapter addresses embodied simulation theories, and the action-perception linkage of mirror neurons. Subsequently the focus moves on to discuss embodied linguistics, exploring the role of embodiment in language and gesture, and in particular their interrelatedness. Finally, four fundamental functions of embodiment in social interaction are identified.

Our body is not just the executants of the goals we frame or just the locus of the causal factors which shape our representations. Our understanding itself is embodied. That is, our bodily know-how and the way we act and move can encode components of our understanding of self and world.

Taylor, 1993

The body, as represented in the brain, may constitute the indispensable frame of reference for neural processes that we experience as the mind; that our very organism rather than some absolute external reality is used as the ground reference for the constructions we make of the world around us and for the construction of the ever-present sense of subjectivity that is part and parcel of experiences; that our most refined thoughts and best actions, our greatest joys and deepest sorrows, use the body as a yardstick.

Damasio, 1995

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Notes

  1. 1.

    To which degree animals are capable of so-called “mental time travel”, i.e., recollection of specific past events or anticipation of the future, is still an open question. For a detailed discussion see Clayton et al. [70].

  2. 2.

    According to Blakemore et al. [75], this is also why for most people it is not so easy to tickle themselves: the forward model produces predicted sensory feedback that “prepares” the agent.

  3. 3.

    Single neuron recordings of the type used in these experiments eventually destroy the neurons recorded from, and thus for ethical reasons cannot be used in humans.

  4. 4.

    It should be noted, however, that the sign languages of deaf people are different from gesturing in accompanying speech, since they bear all the burden of communication, and therefore sign language operates like spoken language. For instance, signers do not use iconicity to a greater extent, but use arbitrary signs. Likewise, sign language is segmented at the syntactic structure, morphological structure and phonological structure, in the same way as in spoken language. Signers, however, do gesture but usually with their mouths, but not much research is conducted on this topic [109].

  5. 5.

    According to Gallagher [2] speech can be regarded as “phonetic gesticulation” (p. 125).

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    Jessica Lindblom

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Lindblom, J. (2015). Embodiment and Social Interaction. In: Embodied Social Cognition. Cognitive Systems Monographs, vol 26. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20315-7_4

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