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Chromosomal Instability in Cancer Cells pp 95–113Cite as

Causes of Chromosomal Instability

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Part of the book series: Recent Results in Cancer Research ((RECENTCANCER,volume 200))

Abstract

The majority of human cancer cells are highly aneuploid harboring chromosome numbers deviating from the modal number of 46. In cancer, aneuploidy is a consequence of an increased rate of whole chromosome missegregation during mitosis, a process known as chromosomal instability (CIN). In fact, CIN is a hallmark of human cancer and is thought to contribute to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and the development of therapy resistance by providing a high genetic variability that might foster rapid adaptation processes. However, the molecular mechanisms that cause chromosome missegregation in cancer cells are still poorly understood. So far, several mechanisms underlying CIN have been proposed and some of them are indeed detectable in human cancer cells exhibiting CIN. Examples include, for instance, weakened spindle checkpoint signaling, supernumerary centrosomes, defects in chromatid cohesion, abnormal kinetochore-microtubule attachments and increased spindle microtubule dynamics. Here, the mechanisms leading to CIN in human cancer cells are summarized.

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Acknowledgments

I thank Norman Ertych for the help with preparing the figures and all members of my lab for support.

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  1. Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, Georg-August University Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, 37077, Goettingen, Germany

    Holger Bastians

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Correspondence to Holger Bastians .

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  1. Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Department of General, Göttingen, Germany

    B. Michael Ghadimi

  2. Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Thomas Ried

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Bastians, H. (2015). Causes of Chromosomal Instability. In: Ghadimi, B., Ried, T. (eds) Chromosomal Instability in Cancer Cells. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 200. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20291-4_5

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