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Properties of Pores Formed by Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysins and Actinoporins

  • Chapter
Electrophysiology of Unconventional Channels and Pores

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Biophysics ((BIOPHYSICS,volume 18))

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Abstract

Planar lipid membrane (PLM) measurements allow direct observation of pores in model lipid membranes. This biophysical approach was very important for our understanding of how transmembrane pores are formed by cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs), a toxin family from pathogenic bacteria, and actinoporins, cytolysins from sea anemones. In this review we discuss current knowledge of pore formation by these two protein families and how the PLM approach revealed mechanisms by which these two unrelated protein families porate membranes. Interestingly, for both toxins, the protein portion constituting the pore walls has an alpha helical configuration in the secreted water soluble form. This structure is maintained for actinoporins in the membrane inserted configuration, while the pore of CDCs necessitates a drastic change in secondary structure, which transforms to beta hairpins in the membrane. Both proteins are able to form toroidal proteo-lipid pores.

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Acknowledgments

We are indebted to Marta Marchioretto and Valeria Antonini for their help with PLM traces reported in Fig. 11.3a. MZ has been supported by the Marie Curie-PAT Cofund project “NanoArtPore”. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 226070, project “Trentino”. NR and GA were supported by the Slovenian Research Agency.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia

    Nejc Rojko & Gregor Anderluh

  2. Laboratory of Biomolecular Sequence and Structure Analysis for Health, Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche & Fondazione Bruno Kessler, via alla Cascata 56/C, Trento, 38123, Italy

    Manuela Zanetti & Mauro Dalla Serra

  3. Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia

    Gregor Anderluh

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  1. Nejc Rojko
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Correspondence to Gregor Anderluh .

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  1. Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    Anne H. Delcour

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Rojko, N., Zanetti, M., Anderluh, G., Dalla Serra, M. (2015). Properties of Pores Formed by Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysins and Actinoporins. In: Delcour, A.H. (eds) Electrophysiology of Unconventional Channels and Pores. Springer Series in Biophysics, vol 18. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20149-8_11

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