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MicroRNA Involvement in Intestinal Tumorigenesis

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Abstract

Intestinal tumorigenesis is characterized by accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that lead to enhanced malignant potential of epithelial cells. Recent evidence suggests that 18–22 nt small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in epigenetic regulation during carcinogenesis. Regulating hundreds of targets simultaneously, miRNAs can affect multiple signaling pathways and serve as a “hub” in gene regulatory network. A large part of oncogenes and tumor suppressors are controlled by miRNAs, and conversely, these genes regulate miRNA expression by transcriptional control and by interfering with the miRNA biogenesis process. In addition, somatic mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms in miRNA genes and in target messenger RNAs attenuate miRNA-mediated gene suppression efficiency. These complicated gene–miRNA interactions create aberrant gene expression profiles, which lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis and eventually to carcinogenesis. In this chapter, we summarize a variety of dysregulation mechanisms of miRNAs and present an overview of miRNA involvement in intestinal tumorigenesis, mainly in colorectal cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Therapeutics and The Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, South Campus Research Bldg 3, 1881 East Road, 77030, Houston, TX, USA

    Naohiro Nishida & George A. Calin MD, PhD

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  1. Naohiro Nishida
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  2. George A. Calin MD, PhD
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Correspondence to George A. Calin MD, PhD .

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  1. Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA

    Vincent W. Yang

  2. Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA

    Agnieszka B. Bialkowska

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Nishida, N., Calin, G. (2015). MicroRNA Involvement in Intestinal Tumorigenesis. In: Yang, V., Bialkowska, A. (eds) Intestinal Tumorigenesis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19986-3_6

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