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Virtual Surgical Simulation: The First Steps in a New Training

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Abstract

Laparoscopy , in other words the introduction of an optical device into a patient’s abdomen, which allows for realizing the surgical manoeuvre thanks to a miniaturized camera, represented the most important change the surgical world experienced in the 20th century: the “minimally invasive” surgery area was born.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Nosocomial infection: infection induced by a patient’s hospital stay.

  2. 2.

    Stereoscopic vision: Vision induced by the differing perception between the right and the left eye of a same scene. The difference of both views enables the brain to reproduce the perception of relief.

  3. 3.

    Haptic perception: perception linked to the sense of touch (tactile) and the mechanical reaction of the body’s muscles (kinaesthetic).

  4. 4.

    Laparoscopy: surgery consisting in using long instruments introduced inside the abdomen of a patient through small orifices of 2 mm to 1 cm diameter.

  5. 5.

    Ultrasound guided: gestures guided by ultrasound such as the introduction of a needle inside the body.

  6. 6.

    Hepatic biopsy: retrieving liver (hepatic) cells by core drilling with a hollow needle.

  7. 7.

    Thermal ablation: thermal destruction with a needle conducting or creating heat or cold at its tip.

  8. 8.

    Exploration simulation: exploration of an anatomical cavity through a visualization tool; US probe or camera.

  9. 9.

    Electro-Cardiogram: system used to monitor a patient’s heart rate.

  10. 10.

    Amniocentesis: using a needle to take amniotic fluid, which is in the sac around the fœtus protecting it.

  11. 11.

    Cameras providing a view with a 30° or 45° angle with respect to the axis of the objective.

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Correspondence to Luc Soler .

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Soler, L., Marescaux, J. (2016). Virtual Surgical Simulation: The First Steps in a New Training. In: Fauquet-Alekhine, P., Pehuet, N. (eds) Simulation Training: Fundamentals and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19914-6_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19914-6_5

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-19913-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-19914-6

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