Abstract
Venus is considered to be Earth’s sister planet hence we can learn a lot about Earth by investigating Venus tectonics, volcanism, and atmosphere. As opposed to Mars which lost most of its atmosphere but retained a lot of water, Venus has extremely dense and hot, carbon dioxide atmosphere (95 % CO2, >90 atm pressure, and ~480 °C temperature) and lost most of its water. One day Earth could end up looking just like Venus or Mars. Mars has been mapped by multitudes of spacecraft and we learn more about that planet each year. In comparison, understanding of Venus is relatively poor. The science objectives for Venus exploration are expressed in various reports by the Venus Exploration Analysis Group (Vexag 2014).
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Acknowledgments
The research reported in this chapter was conducted at Honeybee Robotics under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). We would like to thank for the advice and support from Jeff Hall, Satish Khanna, Kristo Kriechbaum, Dara Sabahi, and Lori Shiraishi of NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
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Appendix: Material Properties at High Temperature
Appendix: Material Properties at High Temperature
Table 9.36 shows properties of selected structural materials while Table 9.37 shows percent decrease of these properties at 500 °C. Table 9.38 shows a list of material parameters considered in this study. It should also be noted that all properties taken from the Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS-05). Material properties are for tubing unless not available, then properties for rod and/or bar are shown. “A” basis properties selected unless not available, then “S” basis properties are shown. Worst case grain or E/d properties are shown. There are other materials that have possible utility for high temperature operations that are not shown due to lack of high temperature data.
It can be seen that in all cases, material properties decrease at 500 °C and this needs to be considered when designing structural elements such as a drill or a trencher. Preferred materials based on specific ultimate tensile strength and specific compression yield strength are in italics. Preferred materials based on specific tensile stiffness are underlined.
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Zacny, K., Spring, J., Paulsen, G., Ford, S., Chu, P., Kondos, S. (2015). Pneumatic Drilling and Excavation in Support of Venus Science and Exploration. In: Badescu, V., Zacny, K. (eds) Inner Solar System. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19569-8_9
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