Deceiving a Classifier

Abstract

A hostile target may do more than execute evasive maneuvers to avoid being tracked. Electronic countermeasures may be used to avoid intercept. In this chapter, we investigate range spoofing—the intentional transmission of a false range sequence to the command processor. The EKF has difficulty in recognizing a nuanced spoofing signal. In a poor GDOP environment it tends to balance all available kinematic measurements. We explore the advantage of a hybrid command algorithm in an environment that might encounter spoofed measurements. Even the GWE can be fooled by sophisticated spoofing, but the GWE is better able to stabilize the command-and-intercept algorithm than is the EKF. The engagement chosen illustrates the advantage of the hybrid approach. The adjustments to the algorithm are encounter-specific, but they provide a general guide to engineering synthesis.