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Star Formation and Dynamics in the Galactic Centre

  • Chapter
Astrophysical Black Holes

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Physics ((LNP,volume 905))

Abstract

The centre of our Galaxy is one of the most studied and yet enigmatic places in the Universe. At a distance of about 8 kpc from our Sun, the Galactic centre (GC) is the ideal environment to study the extreme processes that take place in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole (SMBH). Despite the hostile environment, several tens of early-type stars populate the central parsec of our Galaxy. A fraction of them lie in a thin ring with mild eccentricity and inner radius \(\sim 0.04\) pc, while the S-stars, i.e. the \(\sim 30\) stars closest to the SMBH (\(\lesssim 0.04\) pc), have randomly oriented and highly eccentric orbits. The formation of such early-type stars has been a puzzle for a long time: molecular clouds should be tidally disrupted by the SMBH before they can fragment into stars. We review the main scenarios proposed to explain the formation and the dynamical evolution of the early-type stars in the GC. In particular, we discuss the most popular in situ scenarios (accretion disc fragmentation and molecular cloud disruption) and migration scenarios (star cluster inspiral and Hills mechanism). We focus on the most pressing challenges that must be faced to shed light on the process of star formation in the vicinity of a SMBH.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The adaptive optics module NAOS and the NIR camera CONICA (abbreviated as NACO) are mounted at the ESO 8 m-class VLT unit telescope 4 on Cerro Paranal, Chile.

  2. 2.

    Liu and collaborators have found that they misplaced CS7–6 as CS347–6 in their paper (B. Liu private communication). This has been fixed in Fig. 6.13 with respect to the original figure published on ApJ. See Liu et al. (in preparation) for details.

  3. 3.

    Many temperature components have been observed in the GC, ranging from \(\sim 20\) to \(\sim 200\) K, and the temperature distribution is highly non-uniform (e.g. [103, 104, 135, 157, 173]).

  4. 4.

    The fiducial run reported in [97] includes 200 early-type stars (modelled as N-body particles), a SMBH with mass m BH = 4 × 106 M⊙ (modelled as Keplerian potential ), a CNR with mass 0. 3 m BH (modelled as a single particle), a stellar cusp with mass M cusp = 0. 03 m BH (modelled as a rigid potential).

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Acknowledgements

This review is not directly connected with the lectures held by Prof. R. Genzel at the 10th SIGRAV school on ‘Astrophysical black holes’. We would like to thank Prof. R. Genzel, Dr. S. Gillessen, the Organizers of the SIGRAV school and the Editors of this Book for giving us the possibility to write this review. We warmly thank S. Gillessen, H.B. Liu and P. Kroupa for their invaluable comments. MM acknowledges financial support from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) through grant FIRB 2012 RBFR12PM1F (‘New perspectives on the violent Universe: unveiling the physics of compact objects with joint observations of gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation’), from INAF through grants PRIN-2011-1 (‘Challenging Ultraluminous X-ray sources: chasing their black holes and formation pathways’) and PRIN-2014-14 (‘Star formation and evolution in galactic nuclei’), and from CONACyT through grant 169554 (‘Nearby and distant spheroids: cutting edge theoretical tools for the analysis of stellar populations’).

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  1. INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy

    Michela Mapelli

  2. Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK

    Alessia Gualandris

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Como, Italy

    Francesco Haardt

  2. Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Como, Italy

    Vittorio Gorini

  3. Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Como, Italy

    Ugo Moschella

  4. Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Como, Italy

    Aldo Treves

  5. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy

    Monica Colpi

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Mapelli, M., Gualandris, A. (2016). Star Formation and Dynamics in the Galactic Centre. In: Haardt, F., Gorini, V., Moschella, U., Treves, A., Colpi, M. (eds) Astrophysical Black Holes. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 905. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19416-5_6

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