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Watermarking for Digital Audio Based on Adaptive Phase Modulation

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Book cover Digital-Forensics and Watermarking (IWDW 2014)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNSC,volume 9023))

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Abstract

This paper proposes a novel blind watermarking method for digital audio based on adaptive phase modulation. Audio signals are usually non-stationary, i.e., their own characteristics are time-variant. The features for watermarking have not been selected by combining the principle of variability, which affects the performance of the whole watermarking system. The proposed method embeds a watermark into an audio signal by adaptively modulating its phase with the embedded bit ‘0’ or ‘1’ using two all-pass filters. The frequency location of the filter pole-zero which characterizes the transfer function of the filter is adapted to distribution of signal power spectrum. The filter pole-zero locations are adapted in such a way that phase modulation causes the least distortion in watermarked signals to achieve the best sound quality. The experimental results show that the proposed method could embed inaudible watermark into various kinds of audio signals and correctly detect watermark without the aid of original signals. The proposed method has the ability to embed watermark into audio signals up to 150 bits per second with the bit error rate of less than 10 %.

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (No. 23300070) and an A3 foresight program made available by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1–1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923–1292, Japan

    Nhut Minh Ngo & Masashi Unoki

Authors
  1. Nhut Minh Ngo
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  2. Masashi Unoki
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nhut Minh Ngo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. NJIT, Newark, New Jersey, USA

    Yun-Qing Shi

  2. Korea University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South Korea)

    Hyoung Joong Kim

  3. Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain

    Fernando Pérez-González

  4. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan

    Ching-Nung Yang

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Ngo, N.M., Unoki, M. (2015). Watermarking for Digital Audio Based on Adaptive Phase Modulation. In: Shi, YQ., Kim, H., Pérez-González, F., Yang, CN. (eds) Digital-Forensics and Watermarking. IWDW 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9023. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19321-2_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19321-2_8

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-19320-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-19321-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

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