Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Psychological Issues

  • Chapter
Humans in Space

Part of the book series: Springer Praxis Books ((SPACEE))

Abstract

Some of the psychological stresses that can result from human space missions relate to personality characteristics; time effects and third-quarter phenomenon; initial adjustment and homesickness; asthenia; habitability issues; family concerns; and post-return issues. These are normal reactions to the abnormal conditions of space. More severe pathological reactions are discussed in the next chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 29.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Santy, P., Endicott, J., Jones, D. R., Rose, R. M., Patterson, J., Holland, A. W., et al. (1993). Results of a structured psychiatric interview to evaluate NASA astronaut candidates. Military Medicine, 158, 5–9.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Endo, T., Ohbayashi, S., Yumikura, S., & Sekiguchi, C. (1994). Astronaut psychiatric selection procedures: A Japanese experience. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 65, 916–919.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Santy, P. A. (1994). Choosing the right stuff: The psychological selection of astronauts and cosmonauts. Westport, CT: Praeger Scientific.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kanas, N., & Manzey, D. (2008). Space psychology and psychiatry (2nd ed.). El Segundo, CA: Microcosm Press.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chidester, T. R., Helmreich, R. L., Gregorich, E., & Geis, C. E. (1991). Pilot personality and crew coordination: Implications for training and selection. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 1, 25–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. McFadden, T. J., Helmreich, R. L., Rose, R. M., & Fogg, L. F. (1994). Predicting astronaut effectiveness: A multivariate approach. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 65, 904–909.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Sandal, G., Vaernes, R., Bergan, T., Warncke, M., & Ursin, H. (1996). Psychological reactions during polar expeditions and isolation in hyperbaric chambers. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 67, 227–234.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Haythorn, W. W. (1970). Interpersonal stress in isolated groups. In M. J. McGrath (Ed.), Social and psychological factors in stress. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Haythorn, W. W., McGrath, J. E., Hollander, E. P., Latané, B., Helmreich, R., & Radloff, R. (1972). Group processes and interpersonal interaction. In Space Science Board (Ed.), Human factors in long-duration spaceflight. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kelly, A. D., & Kanas, N. (1992). Crewmember communication in space: A survey of astronauts and cosmonauts. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 63, 721–726.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kanas, N., Salnitskiy, V., Grund, E. M., Gushin, V., Weiss, D. S., Kozerenko, O., et al. (2000). Social and cultural issues during Shuttle/Mir space missions. Acta Astronautica, 47, 647–655.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kanas, N., Salnitskiy, V., Grund, E. M., Gushin, V., Weiss, D. S., Kozerenko, O., et al. (2000). Interpersonal and cultural issues involving crews and ground personnel during Shuttle/Mir space missions. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 71(9, Suppl.), A11–A16.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kanas, N., Salnitskiy, V., Weiss, D. S., Grund, E. M., Gushin, V., Kozerenko, O., et al. (2001). Crewmember and ground personnel interactions over time during Shuttle/Mir space mission. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 72, 453–461.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Kanas, N., Salnitskiy, V., Grund, E. M., Weiss, D. S., Gushin, V., Kozerenko, O., et al. (2001). Human interactions during Shuttle/Mir space missions. Acta Astronautica, 48, 777–784.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kanas, N., Salnitskiy, V., Grund, E. M., Weiss, D. S., Gushin, V., Kozerenko, O., et al. (2001). Human interactions in space: Results from Shuttle/Mir. Acta Astronautica, 49, 243–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kanas, N., Salnitskiy, V., Grund, E. M., Weiss, D. S., Gushin, V., Bostrom, A., et al. (2001). Psychosocial issues in space: Results from Shuttle/Mir. Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin, 14(2), 35–45.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kanas, N., Salnitskiy, V., Grund, E. M., Gushin, V., Weiss, D. S., Kozerenko, O., et al. (2002). Lessons learned from Shuttle/Mir: Psychosocial countermeasures. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 73, 607–611.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Kanas, N. A., Salnitskiy, V. P., Ritsher, J. B., Gushin, V. I., Weiss, D. S., Saylor, S. A., et al. (2006). Human interactions in space: ISS vs. Shuttle/Mir. Acta Astronautica, 59, 413–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kanas, N. A., Salnitskiy, V. P., Ritsher, J. B., Gushin, V. I., Weiss, D. S., Saylor, S. A., et al. (2007). Psychosocial interactions during ISS missions. Acta Astronautica, 60, 329–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kanas, N. A., Salnitskiy, V. P., Ritsher, J. B., Gushin, V. I., Weiss, D. S., Saylor, S. A., et al. (2007). Crewmember and mission control personnel interactions during International Space Station missions. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 78, 601–607.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Boyd, J. E., Kanas, N. A., Salnitskiy, V. P., Gushin, V. I., Saylor, S. A., Weiss, D. S., et al. (2009). Cultural differences in crewmembers and mission control personnel during two space station programs. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 80, 532–540.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kanas, N., Weiss, D. S., & Marmar, C. R. (1996). Crewmember interactions during a Mir space station simulation. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 67, 969–975.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Steel, G. D., & Suedfeld, P. (1991). Temporal patterns of affect in an isolated group. Environment and Behavior, 23, 749–765.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Wood, J.-A., Lugg, D. J., Hysong, S. J., & Harm, D. L. (1999). Psychological changes in hundred-day remote Antarctic field groups. Environment and Behavior, 31, 299–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Wu, R., & Wang, Y. (2014). Psychosocial interaction during a 105-day isolated mission in LUNAR PALACE 1. In: IAC-14-A1.1.2, 65th International Astronautical Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Basner, M., Dinges, D. F., Mollicone, D. J., Savelev, I., Ecker, A. J., Di Antonio, A., et al. (2014). Psychological and behavioral changes during confinement in a 520-day simulated interplanetary mission to Mars. PLoS One, 9(3), e93298. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0093298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Ritsher, J. B. (2005). Cultural factors and the International Space Station. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 76(6 Suppl), B135–B144.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Astronaut tells of down side to space life. New York Times. Retrieved January 22, 1997, from www.nytimes.com/1997/01/22/us/astronaut-tells-of-down-side-to-space-life.html?ref=johneblaha

  29. Petrovsky, A. V., & Yaroshevsky, M. G. (1987). A concise psychological dictionary. Moscow, Russia: Progress.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Aleksandrovskiy, Y. A., & Novikov, M. A. (1996). Psychological prophylaxis and treatments for space crews. In A. E. Nicogossian, S. R. Mohler, O. G. Gazenko, & A. I. Grigoriev (Eds.), Space biology and medicine III: Humans in spaceflight, book 2. Reston, VA: AIAA.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Grigoriev, A. I., Kozerenko, O. P., Myasnikov, V. I., & Egorov, A. D. (1988). Ethical problems of interaction between ground-based personnel and orbital station crewmembers. Acta Astronautica, 17, 213–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Lebedev, V. (1988). Diary of a cosmonaut: 211 days in space. College Station, TX: Phytoresource Research Information Service.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Beard, G. M. (1971). A practical treatise on nervous exhaustion (neurasthenia), its symptoms, nature, sequences, treatment (5th ed.). New York: E.B. Treat. Reprinted from 1971 Kraus Reprint, New York: Kraus-Thomson Organization Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Kanas, N., Salnitskiy, V., Gushin, V., Weiss, D. S., Grund, E. M., Flynn, C., et al. (2001). Asthenia: Does it exist in space? Psychosomatic Medicine, 63, 874–880.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Myasnikov, V. I., Stepanova, S. I., Salnitskiy, V. P., Kozerenko, O. P., & Nechaev, A. P. (2000). Problems of psychic asthenia in prolonged space flight. Moscow, Russia: Slovo Press (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Burrough, B. (1998). Dragonfly: NASA and the crisis aboard Mir. New York: Harper Collins.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Freeman, M. (2000). Challenges of human space exploration. Chichester, England: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Harris, P. R. (1996). Living and working in space: Human behavior, culture and organization (2nd ed.). Chichester, England: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Kitmacher, G. H. (2002, Oct 10–19). Design of the space station habitable modules. In: IAC-02-IAA.8.2.04, 53rd International Astronautical Congress/The World Space Congress, Houston, TX (pp. 1–17). Retrieved from www.spacearchitect.org/pubs/IAC-02-IAA.8.2.04.pdf

  40. Johnson, P. J., Asmaro, D., Suedfeld, P., & Gushin, V. (2012). Thematic content analysis of work–family interactions: Retired cosmonauts’ reflections. Acta Astronautica, 81, 306–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Johnson, P. J. (2013). The roles of NASA, U.S. Astronauts, and their families in long-duration missions. In D. A. Vakoch (Ed.), On orbit and beyond: Psychological perspectives on human spaceflight. Berlin, Germany: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Kelly, A. D., & Kanas, N. (1993). Communication between space crews and ground personnel: A survey of astronauts and cosmonauts. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 64, 795–800.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Palinkas, L. A., Gunderson, E. K. E., Holland, A. W., Miller, C., & Johnson, J. C. (2000). Predictors of behavior and performance in extreme environments: The Antarctic space analogue program. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 71, 619–625.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Oberg, J. E. (1981). Red star in orbit. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Kanas, N. (1990). Psychological, psychiatric, and interpersonal aspects of long-duration space missions. Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 27, 457–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Aldrin, E. E. (1973). Return to earth. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Seeman, J. S., & MacFarlane, T. G. (1972). Results of post-test psychological examinations of the crewmen from the 90-Day manned test of an advanced regenerative life support system. NASA CR-112019. Huntington Beach, CA: McDonnell Douglas Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Isay, R. A. (1968). The submariners’ wives syndrome. Psychiatric Quarterly, 42, 647–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Pearlman, C. A., Jr. (1970). Separation reactions of married women. American Journal of Psychiatry, 126, 946–950.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Oliver, D. C. (1991). Psychological effects of isolation and confinement of winter-over group at McMurdo station, Antarctica. In A. A. Harrison, Y. A. Clearwater, & C. P. McKay (Eds.), From Antarctica to outer space. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Taylor, A. J. W. (1991). The research program of the International Biomedical Expedition to the Antarctic (IBEA) and its implications for research in outer space. In A. A. Harrison, Y. A. Clearwater, & C. P. McKay (Eds.), From Antarctica to outer space. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Sipes, W., & Vander Ark, S. (2005). Operational behavioral health and performance resources for International Space Station crews and families. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 76, B36–B41.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA

    Nick Kanas

Authors
  1. Nick Kanas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kanas, N. (2015). Psychological Issues. In: Humans in Space. Springer Praxis Books(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18869-0_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation