Abstract
What are business opportunities and impediments for innovators in energy services? In the European Union, thousands of local energy initiatives emerge and many of them evolve into enterprises that pursue distributed energy systems called smart grid. They add value in energy consumption. The number of new enterprises on the energy markets increased by the annual average of 3600 firms along with average 23,000 additional jobs per year during the period 2008–2011. These newcomers grow mainly due to services in the renewable energy production, efficient solutions for the residential electricity and value-adding gas use in businesses. Price guarantees for renewable energy delivery to grid support these innovators. In addition to competition on the energy markets, these innovators must overcome impediments posed by energy taxation that supports large-scale energy consumers and subsidies for fossil fuel producers that are larger than subsidies for renewable energy. These policies obstruct energy efficiency and renewable energy. The distributed energy systems emerge despite annual €317 billion policy support of the vested, large-scale energy businesses.
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Krozer, Y. (2016). Energy Services for Smart Grid. In: Theory and Practices on Innovating for Sustainable Development. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18636-8_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18636-8_11
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