Abstract
The notion that perfectionism may have important implications for health and well-being has begun to capture the attention of researchers worldwide. Indeed, research has indicated that perfectionism plays a critical role in early mortality and in the etiology and maintenance of numerous forms of psychopathology. Clearly, this is an area of research that merits our attention. In the introductory chapter to the first edited volume dedicated to the topic of perfectionism, health, and well-being, we present an overview of the issues concerning the conceptualizations of perfectionism, health, and well-being that sets the stage for understanding the complexities and controversies surrounding the role of perfectionism in health-related outcomes that are the focus of this book. After providing a comprehensive summary of the major themes and definitional issues surrounding perfectionism, we present a historical and contemporary introduction to different conceptualizations of health and well-being, highlighting the areas of relevance for understanding potential linkages to perfectionism dimensions. We next present an overview of the structure and organization of the book, summarizing how each chapter provides the latest perspectives and research on perfectionism, health, and well-being. It is our hope as editors that bringing together these contributions in the fields of perfectionism, health, and well-being into one volume will provide a unique and useful resource for readers that will stimulate further research, theory, and debate.
Keywords
- Perfectionistic strivings
- Perfectionistic concerns
- Eudaimonic well-being
- Hedonic well-being
- Health promotion
- Health
As of July 1, 2015, Fuschia Sirois is with the Department of Psychology, the University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options
References
Albert Ellis, A. (1962). Reason and emotion in psychotherapy. New York: Lyle Stuart.
Aldea, M. A., & Rice, K. G. (2006). The role of emotional dysregulation in perfectionism and psychological distress. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 498–510.
Aristotle. (1985). Nicomachean ethos (T. Irwin, Trans.). Indianapolis: Hackett. (Original work published 4th Century BC).
Ashby, J. S., & Rice, K. G. (2002). Perfectionism, dysfunctional attitudes, and self-esteem: A structural equations analysis. Journal of Counseling & Development, 80(2), 197–203.
Ashby, J. S., Noble, C. L., & Gnilka, P. B. (2012). Multidimensional perfectionism, depression, and satisfaction with life: Differences among perfectionists and tests of a stress-mediation model. Journal of College Counseling, 15(2), 130–143.
Ayearst, L., Flett, G., & Hewitt, P. (2012). Where is multidimensional perfectionism in DSM-5? A question posed to the DSM-5 personality and personality disorders work group. Personality Disorders-Theory Research and Treatment, 3, 458–469. doi:10.1037/a0026354.
Bardone-Cone, A. M., Wonderlich, S. A., Frost, R. O., Bulik, C. M., Mitchell, J. E., Uppala, S., et al (2007). Perfectionism and eating disorders. Current status and future directions. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 384–405. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.12.005.
Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International Universities Press.
Bergman, A. J., Nyland, J. E., & Burns, L. R. (2007). Correlates with perfectionism and the utility of a dual process model. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 389–399. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.12.007.
Besser, A., Flett, G., & Hewitt, P. L. (2004). Perfectionism, cognition, and affect in response to performance failure vs. success. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 22(4), 297–324.
Bieling, P. J., Israeli, A. L., Smith, J., & Antony, M. M. (2003). Making the grade: The behavioural consequences of perfectionism in the classroom. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 163–178.
Bieling, P. J., Israeli, A. L., & Anthony, M. M. (2004). Is perfectionism good, bad, or both? Examining models of the perfectionism construct. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1373–1385. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00235-6.
Biswas-Diener, R., Kashdan, T. B., & King, L. A. (2009). Two traditions of happiness research, not two distinct types of happiness. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(3), 208–211.
Blatt, S. (1974). Levels of object representation in anaclitic and introjective depression. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 29, 107–157.
Bogg, T., & Roberts, B. W. (2013). The case for conscientiousness: Evidence and implications for a personality trait marker of health and longevity. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 45(3), 278–288.
Burns, D. (1980, November). The perfectionist’s script for self-defeat. Psychology Today, 34–51.
Chang, E. C. (2000). Perfectionism as a predictor of positive and negative psychological outcomes: Examining a mediation model in younger and older adults. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(1), 18–26.
Chang, E. C., Watkins, A., & Banks, K. H. (2004). How adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism relate to positive and negative psychological functioning: Testing a stress-mediation model in black and white female college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 93–102.
Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D., Doyle, W. J., Miller, G. E., Frank, E., Rabin, B. S., & Turner, R. B. (2012). Chronic stress, glucocorticoid receptor resistance, inflammation, and disease risk. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(16), 5995–5999.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 524–575.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302.
Dodge, R., Daly, A. P., Huyton, J., & Sander, L. D. (2012). The challenge of defining wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 2, 222–235.
Downey, C. A., Reinking, K. R., Gibson, J. M., Cloud, J. A., & Chang, E. C. (2014). Perfectionistic cognitions and eating disturbance: Distinct mediational models for males and females. Eating Behaviors, 15, 419–426. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.04.020.
Dunkley, D. M., Zuroff, D. C., & Blankstein, K. R. (2003). Self-critical perfectionism and daily affect: Dispositional and situational influences on stress and coping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(1), 234–252.
Ellis, A. (2002). The role of irrational beliefs in perfectionism. In G. L. Flett, & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 217–229). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Enns, M. W., & Cox, B. J. (2002). The nature and assessment of perfectionism: A critical analysis. In G. L. Flett, P. L. Hewitt, G. L. Flett, & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 33–62). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/10458-002.
Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2002). Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2006). Positive versus negative aspects of perfectionism in psychopathology: A comment on Slade and Owen’s dual process model. Behavior Modification, 30, 11–24. doi:10.1177/0145445506288026.
Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Blankstein, K. R., & Gray, L. (1998). Psychological distress and the frequency of perfectionistic thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1363–1381.
Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Demerjian, A., Sturman, E. D., Sherry, S. B., & Cheng, W. (2012). Perfectionistic automatic thoughts and psychological distress in adolescents: An analysis of the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 30, 91–104. doi:10.1007/s10942-011-0131-7.
Frankish, C. J., Green, L. W., Ratner, P. A., Chomik, T., & Larsen, C. (1996). Health impact assessment as a tool for population health promotion and health policy. http://www.phac-asp.gc.ca/ph-sp/phdd/impact. Accessed 26 Jan 2008.
Freud, S. (1926/1959). Inhibitions, symptoms, and anxiety. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, 20, (Vol. 20, pp. 77–175). London: Hogarth.
Freud, S. (1959). Inhibitions, symptoms, and anxiety. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 20, pp. 77–172). London: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1926).
Friedman, H. S. (2011). Personality, disease and self-healing. In H. S. Friedman (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of health psychology (pp. 215–240). New York: Oxford University Press.
Frost, R. O., & DiBartolo, P. (2002). Perfectionism, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder. In G. Flett & P. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press.
Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 449–468.
Fry, P. S., & Debats, D. L. (2011). Perfectionism and other related trait measures as predictors of mortality in diabetic older adults: A six-and-a-half-year longitudinal study. Journal of Health Psychology, 16, 1058–1070. doi:10.1177/1359105311398684.
Garner, D. M., Olmstead, M. P., & Polivy, J. (1983). Development and validation of a multidimensional eating disorder inventory for anorexia and bulimia. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2, 15–34.
Habke, A. M., Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1999). Perfectionism and sexual satisfaction in intimate relationships. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavior Assessment, 21, 307–322.
Hamachek, D. E. (1978). Encounters with the self. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Hampson, S. E., Goldberg, L. R., Vogt, T. M., & Dubanoski, J. P. (2007). Mechanisms by which childhood personality traits influence adult health status: Educational attainment and healthy behaviors. Health Psychology, 26(1), 121–125.
Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1990). Perfectionism and depression: A multidimensional analysis. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 423–438.
Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 456–470.
Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., Turnbull-Donovan, W., & Mikail, S. F. (1991). The multidimensional perfectionism scale: Reliability, validity, and psychometric properties in psychiatric samples. Psychological Assessment, A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 3, 464–468. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.3.3.464.
Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., & Mikail, S. F. (1995). Perfectionism and relationship maladjustment in chronic pain patients and their spouses. Journal of Family Psychology, 9, 335–347.
Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., Besser, A., Sherry, S. B., & McGee, B. (2003). Perfectionism is multidimensional: A reply to Shafran, Cooper, and Fairburn (2002). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1221–1236.
Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., Sherry, S. B., Habke, M., Parkin, M., Lam, R. W., & Stein, M. B. (2003). The interpersonal expression of perfection: Perfectionistic self-presentation and psychological distress. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 84, 1303–1315. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.6.1303.
Hill, A. P., & Appleton, P. R. (2011). The predictive ability of the frequency of perfectionistic cognitions, self-oriented perfectionism, and socially prescribed perfectionism in relation to symptoms of burnout in youth rugby players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(7), 695–703. doi:10.1080/02640414.2010.551216.
Hodgson, R. J., & Rachman, S. (1977). Obsessional-compulsive complaints. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 15, 389–395. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(77)90042-0.
Horney, K. (1950). Neurosis and human growth: the struggle toward self-realization. Norton.
Juster, R.-P., McEwen, B. S., & Lupien, S. J. (2010). Allostatic load biomarkers of chronic stress and impact on health and cognition. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(1), 2–16.
Kashdan, T. B., Biswas-Diener, R., & King, L. A. (2008). Reconsidering happiness: The costs of distinguishing between hedonics and eudaimonia. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(4), 219–233.
Kobori, O. (2006). A cognitive model of perfectionism: The relationship of perfectionism personality to psychological adaptation and maladaptation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Tokyo, Tokyo.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
Lynam, D. R., Hoyle, R. H., & Newman, J. P. (2006). The perils of partialling: Cautionary tales from aggression and psychopathy. Assessment, 13, 328–341.
Matte, M., & Lafontaine, M.-F. (2012). Assessment of romantic perfectionism: Psychometric properties of the romantic relationship perfectionism scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 45, 113–132. doi:10.1177/0748175611429303.
Missildine, W. H. (1963). Your inner child of the past. New York: Simon and Schuster.
McDowell, I. (2010). Measures of self-perceived well-being. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69(1), 69–79.
McEwen, B. S. (2007). Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: Central role of the brain. Physiological Reviews, 87(3), 873–904.
Molnar, D. S., Reker, D. L., Culp, N. A., Sadava, S. W., & DeCourville, N. H. (2006). A mediated model of perfectionism, affect, and physical health. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 482–500. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.04.002.
Molnar, D. S., Sadava, S. W., Flett, G. L., & Colautti, J. (2012). Perfectionism and health-related quality of life in women with fibromyalgia. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 73, 295–300.
Mor, S., Day, H. I., Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (1995). Perfectionism, control, and components of performance anxiety in professional artists. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 19(2), 207–225.
Organization, W. H. (2005). Promoting mental health: Concepts, emerging evidence, practice. Geneva: WHO.
Pacht, A. R. (1984). Reflections on perfection. American Psychologist, 39(4), 386–390. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.39.4.386.
Purdon, C., Antony, M., & Swinson, R. (1999). Psychometric properties of the Frost Multidimensional perfectionism scale in a clinical anxiety disorders sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 1271–1286.
Rhéaume, J., Ladouceur, R., & Freeston, M. H. (2000). The prediction of obsessive–compulsive tendencies: Does perfectionism play a significant role? Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 583–592. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00121-X.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). To be happy or to be self-fulfilled: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. In S. Fiske (Ed.), Annual review of psychology (Vol. 52, pp. 141–166). Palo Alto: Annual Reviews.
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6, 1069–1081.
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 719–727.
Seligman, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5–14. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5.
Shafran, R., & Mansell, W. (2001). Perfectionism and psychopathology: A review of research and treatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 879–906. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(00)00072-6.
Shafran, R., Cooper, Z., & Fairburn, C. G. (2002). Clinical perfectionism: A cognitive-behavioural analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 773–791. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00059-6.
Shea, A. J., Slaney, R. B., & Rice, K. G. (2006). Perfectionism in intimate relationships: The dyadic almost perfect scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 39, 107–125.
Sherry, S. B., Gralnick, T. M., Hewitt, P. L., Sherry, D. L., & Flett, G. L. (in press). Perfectionism and narcissism: Testing unique relationships and gender differences. Personality and Individual Differences.
Sirois, F. M. (2011). Psychological health and well-being: A research agenda for the Eastern Townships. Journal of the Eastern Townships Studies, 37, 77–94.
Sirois, F. M., & Molnar, D. S. (2014). Perfectionism and maladaptive coping styles in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia/arthritis and in healthy controls. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 83(6), 384–385.
Slade, P. D., & Owens, R. G. (1998). A dual process model of perfectionism based on reinforcement theory. Behavior Modification, 22, 372–390.
Slaney, R. B., Rice, K. G., Mobley, M., Trippi, J., & Ashby, J. (2001). The revised almost perfect scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34, 130–145.
Slaney, R. B., Rice, K. G., & Ashby, J. S. (2002). A programmatic approach to measuring perfectionism: The almost perfect scales. In G. L. Flett, P. L. Hewitt, G. L. Flett, & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 63–88). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/10458-003.
Smith, T. W. (2006). Personality as risk and resilience in physical health. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(5), 227–231.
Stober, J. (1998). The frost multidimensional perfectionism scale revisited: More perfect with four (instead of six) dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 481–491.
Stoeber, J. (2014). How other-oriented perfectionism differs from self-oriented and socially prescribed perfecitonism. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 36, 329–338. doi:10.1007/s10862-013-9397-7.
Stoeber, J., & Otto, K. (2006). Positive conceptions of perfectionism: Approaches, evidence, challenges. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 295–319. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_2.
Stoeber, J., Kobori, O., & Tanno, Y. (2010). The Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory–English (MPCI-E): Reliability, validity, and relationships with positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92(1), 16–25.
Taylor, S. E., & Sirois, F. M. (2014). Health psychology (3rd Canadian ed.). Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson.
Terry-Short, L. A., Owens, R. G., Slade, P. D., & Dewey, M. E. (1995). Positive and negative perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 663–666.
Waterman, A. S. (1993). Two conceptions of happiness: Contrasts of personal expressiveness (eudaimonia) and hedonic enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(4), 678–691.
Waterman, A. S. (2008). Reconsidering happiness: A eudaimonist’s perspective. The Journal of Positive Psychology: Dedicated to furthering research and promoting good practice, 3(4), 234–252.
Weisinger, H., & Lobsenz, N. M. (1981). Nobody s perfect: How to give criticism and get results. New York: Warne.
Williams, C. J., & Cropley, M. (2014). The relationship between perfectionism and engagement in preventive health behaviours: The mediating role of self concealment. Journal of Health Psychology, 19, 1211–1221.
Wolff, H. G. (1937). Personality features and reactions of subjects with migraine. Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry, 37, 985–921.
Wolff, H. G. (1948). Headache and other head pain. New York: Oxford University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sirois, F., Molnar, D. (2016). Conceptualizations of Perfectionism, Health, and Well-Being: An Introductory Overview. In: Sirois, F., Molnar, D. (eds) Perfectionism, Health, and Well-Being. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18582-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18582-8_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-18581-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-18582-8
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)