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Ultrafast PMMA Superstructure Dynamics on Free-Standing Graphene

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Development of an Ultrafast Low-Energy Electron Diffraction Setup

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Abstract

This chapter describes the time-resolved structural analysis of an ultrathin polymer overlayer adsorbed on free-standing graphene by the previously introduced transmission ULEED setup.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Vendor: Alfa Aesar, item No. 13382, purity: 99.8 %.

  2. 2.

    The pressure scale of the instrument is in Torr. Torr are converted into Pa by multiplication with \(101325/760\).

  3. 3.

    More information on Quantifoil on: http://www.quantifoil.com/.

  4. 4.

    Named PMMA\(_i\) and PMMA\(_{ii}\); vendor: Allresist (http://www.allresist.de/); tacticity: atactic; molecular weight: 950,000 g/mol; PDI: \(3.76\); melting temperature: \(130\)–\(160\) \(^\circ \)C; glass transition temperature: \(105\) \(^\circ \)C; viscosity at \(25\) \(^\circ \)C: PMMA\(_i\) \(43.4\) mPas, PMMA\(_{ii}\) \(8.8\) mPas; solvent: PMMA\(_i\) solved in anisole, PMMA\(_{ii}\) solved in ethyl lactate. Since most of the measurements and especially all time-resolved experiments are performed with samples spincoated with PMMA\(_i\), it is referred to as simply “PMMA”, whereas the use of PC and PMMA\(_{ii}\) is specifically indicated.

  5. 5.

    Poly(propylene carbonate); vendor: Sigma-Aldrich (http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/); tacticity: atactic; molecular weight: 50,000 g/mol; glass temperature: \(25\)–\(45\) \(^\circ \)C; molecular weight: \(102\) g/mol; solvent: ethyl acetate.

  6. 6.

    If not denoted otherwise, \(400\) mesh copper grid covered with a Quantifoil film of about \(10\) nm thickness and hole size of \(3.5\) \(\upmu \)m. Vendor: Plano (http://www.plano-em.de/).

  7. 7.

    Suppressor voltage optimized for homogeneous illumination of the whole sample area, lens voltage set to ground.

  8. 8.

    Mean-free path length for \(500\) eV electrons is of the order of \(1\) nm, whereas the Quantifoil thickness is about \(20\) nm, therefore not transmissive. Quantifoil coverage is about 50 % on an intact sample site. More information on this subject in Appendix B.

  9. 9.

    We gratefully acknowledge discussions with M. Müller, which contributed greatly in understanding this effect.

  10. 10.

    In the limit of an infinite lattice, \(k_s \rightarrow 0\), and the diverging behavior of the Debye-Waller factor is recovered.

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  1. 4th Physical Institute, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

    Max Gulde

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Gulde, M. (2015). Ultrafast PMMA Superstructure Dynamics on Free-Standing Graphene. In: Development of an Ultrafast Low-Energy Electron Diffraction Setup. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18561-3_6

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