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Mechanisms Underlying Astrocyte Endfeet Swelling in Stroke

Chapter
Part of the Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement book series (NEUROCHIRURGICA, volume 121)

Abstract

Astrocyte endfeet envelop the cerebral capillaries that form the blood-brain barrier. Swelling of these endfeet occurs early in cerebral ischemia. It is generally hypothesized that such swelling occurs as the result of factors released from parenchymal brain cells during an ischemic stroke (e.g., K+ and L-glutamate). In this review of mechanisms that can elicit astrocyte swelling in ischemic stroke, we hypothesize that, instead or in addition, such swelling may be a response to blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Astrocyte endfeet swelling may help form a cuff around a damaged vessel that limits the egress of plasma constituents and blood (hemorrhage) into brain.

Keywords

Astrocytes Cerebral ischemia Cell volume Swelling Blood-brain barrier Cerebral hemorrhage 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grants NS034709, NS079639, and HL55374. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.

Conflicts of Interest

None.

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© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUSA
  2. 2.Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUSA
  3. 3.Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUSA

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