Abstract
This study explores the use of natural language to give instructions that might be interpreted by Internet of Things (IoT) devices in a domestic ‘smart home’ environment. We start from the proposition that reminders can be considered as a type of end-user programming, in which the executed actions might be performed either by an automated agent or by the author of the reminder. We conducted an experiment in which people wrote sticky notes specifying future actions in their home. In different conditions, these notes were addressed to themselves, to others, or to a computer agent. We analyse the linguistic features and strategies that are used to achieve these tasks, including the use of graphical resources as an informal visual language. The findings provide a basis for design guidance related to end-user development for the Internet of Things.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Blackwell, A.F., Rode, J.A., Toye, E.F.: How do we program the home? gender, attention investment, and the psychology of programming at home. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 67, 324–341 (2009)
Dey, A.K., Sohn, T., Streng, S., Kodama, J.: icap: interactive prototyping of context-aware applications. In: Fishkin, K.P., Schiele, B., Nixon, P., Quigley, A. (eds.) PERVASIVE 2006. LNCS, vol. 3968, pp. 254–271. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Ur, B., McManus, E., Pak Yong Ho, M., Littman, M.L.: Practical trigger-action programming in the smart home. In: Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 803–812 (2014)
Myers, B.A., Pane, J.F., Ko, A.: Natural programming languages and environments. Communications of the ACM 47, 47–52 (2004)
Tolmie, P., Pycock, J., Diggins, T., MacLean, A., Karsenty, A.: Unremarkable computing. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 399–406 (2002)
Rode, J.A., Toye, E.F., Blackwell, A.F.: The fuzzy felt ethnographyunderstanding the programming patterns of domestic appliances. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 8, 161–176 (2004)
Graham, C., Rouncefield, M., Gibbs, M., Vetere, F., Cheverst, K.: How probes work. In: Proceedings of the 19th Australasian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Entertaining User Interfaces, pp. 29–37 (2007)
Hutchinson, H., Mackay, W., Westerlund, B., Bederson, B.B., Druin, A., Plaisant, C., Beaudouin-Lafon, M., Conversy, S., Evans, H., Hansen, H., et al.: Technology probes: inspiring design for and with families. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 17–24 (2003)
Taylor, A.S., Swan, L., Eardley, R., Sellen, A., Hodges, S., Wood, K.: Augmenting refrigerator magnets: why less is sometimes more. In: Proceedings of the 4th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Changing Roles, pp. 115–124 (2006)
Tarkan, S., Sazawal, V., Druin, A., Golub, E., Bonsignore, E.M., Walsh, G., Atrash, Z.: Toque: designing a cooking-based programming language for and with children. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 2417–2426 (2010)
Mistry, P., Maes, P.: Augmenting sticky notes as an i/o interface. In: Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Intelligent and Ubiquitous Interaction Environments. Springer, pp. 547–556 (2009)
Petrick, S.R.: On natural language based computer systems. IBM Journal of Research and Development 20, 314–325 (1976)
Dijkstra, E.W.: On the foolishness of “natural language programming”. In: Bauer, F.L., Broy, M., Dijkstra, E.W., Gerhart, S.L., Gries, D., Griffiths, M., Guttag, J.V., Horning, J.J., Owicki, S.S., Pair, C., Partsch, H., Pepper, P., Wirsing, M., Wössner, H. (eds.) Program Construction, vol. 69, pp. 51–53. Springer, Heidelberg (1979)
Blackwell, A., Green, T.: Notational systems-the cognitive dimensions of notations framework. In: Carroll, J.M. (ed.) HCI Models, Theories and Frameworks: Toward a Multidisciplinary Science, pp. 103–134. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2003)
Stolcke, A.: Srilm - an extensible language modeling toolkit, pp. 901–904 (2002)
Speer, R., Havasi, C.: Representing general relational knowledge in conceptnet 5. In: LREC, pp. 3679–3686 (2012)
Searle, J.R.: A classification of illocutionary acts. Language in society 5, 1–23 (1976)
Bertin, J.: Semiology of graphics: diagrams, networks, maps (1983)
Engelhardt, Y.: The language of graphics: A framework for the analysis of syntax and meaning in maps, charts and diagrams. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Institute for Logic, Language and Computation, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2002)
Blackwell, A.: Visual representation. Soegaard, M., Dam, R.F. (eds.) The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, 2nd Ed. Aarhus, Denmark: The Interaction Design Foundation (2013). https://www.interaction-design.org/encyclopedia/visual_representation.html
Jespersen, O.: The philosophy of grammar. University of Chicago Press (1992)
Aghaee, S., Nowak, M., Pautasso, C.: Reusable decision space for mashup tool design. In: Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems, pp. 211–220 (2012)
Lucci, G., Paternò, F.: Understanding end-user development of context-dependent applications in smartphones. In: Sauer, S., Bogdan, C., Forbrig, P., Bernhaupt, R., Winckler, M. (eds.) HCSE 2014. LNCS, vol. 8742, pp. 182–198. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Perera, C., Aghaee, S., Blackwell, A. (2015). Natural Notation for the Domestic Internet of Things. In: Díaz, P., Pipek, V., Ardito, C., Jensen, C., Aedo, I., Boden, A. (eds) End-User Development. IS-EUD 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9083. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18425-8_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18425-8_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-18424-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-18425-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)