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Pulsed Electrical Discharges for Medicine and Biology pp 67–79Cite as

Substances Formed During Discharges

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Part of the book series: Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering ((BIOMEDICAL))

Abstract

Up to date, there are two methods of producing the hydrated electrons: by means of radiolysis of water and water solutions by irradiation of γ-quanta, or electrons (Hart and Anbar, Hydrated electron 1973; Pikaev, Pulsed radiolysis of water and aqueous solutions 1965). Moreover, hydrated electrons are produced by means of the PED (Gorjachev et al, J Tech Phys Lett 11:16 1991). Since the plasma column of the PED in water has the temperature T = (10–20) × 103 K and pressure P = 10–103 MPa (Ushakov, Pulsed electrical discharge in gases 1975), it is reasonable to assume that the column is a powerful pulsed source of the UV-irradiation. Being absorbed by water, the irradiation of this part of spectrum generates reaction of photolysis (Sokolov and Stain, J Chem Phys 5:44 1966; Sokolov and Stain, J Chem Phys 9:44 1966). Last years, researches have shown that the physical-chemical properties of nanoparticles qualitatively differ from ones of both macro-objects and micro-particles (Schmid et al., Nanoparticles: from theory to application 2004; Furstner et al, Active metals: preparation characterization and applications 1996; Lue, J Phys Chem Solids 62:1599–1612 2001). Nanoclusters behave as quantum dots, i.e., inside them, as well as, in atoms, the free electrons can occupy only certain allowed energy states (Kreibig and Vollmer, Optical properties of metal clusters 1995). There are “magic” numbers of packing of atoms in nanoclusters: 13, 55, 147, 309, and 561 (Teo and Zhang, Magic numbers in clusters 2002). Thus, successes in the nanoparticles synthesis and study of their properties have stimulated explosion of applied researches of nanotechnologies and, first of all: nano-electronics, nano-optic-electronics, nano-electric-chemistry, analytical and biomedical applications of nanoparticles (Drexler, Nanosystems: molecular machinery, manufacturing and computation 1992; Siegel, Nanophase materials: synthesis, structure and properties 1994).

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  1. Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Electrophysics and Electric Power, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Victor Kolikov & Philip Rutberg

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Kolikov, V., Rutberg, P. (2015). Substances Formed During Discharges. In: Pulsed Electrical Discharges for Medicine and Biology. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18129-5_5

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