Abstract
The chapter argues that Brazil is undergoing a paradigmatic shift in social protection policy, with important implications for child poverty. This shift is characterised by a move away from the Bismarckian approach which dominated thinking and practice in the twentieth century and towards citizenship based programmes represented by the emergence of large scale antipoverty transfer programmes like Bolsa Família. The chapter demonstrates that the emergence of citizenship-based social protection policies has been a key factor behind the recent fall in child poverty in Brazil.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Social insurance schemes include a Salário-Família providing family transfers to low income workers contributing to the schemes (Sposati 2010).
- 2.
There are several ‘fathers’ of Bolsa Escola, including Cristovão Buarque in Brasilia and Magalhâes Texeira in Campinas.
- 3.
In 1998 60 municipalities had adopted the programme. Their number mushroomed to 1,115 by 2000.
- 4.
Until 2004, social assistance was the responsibility of the Ministry of Labour and Social Assistance.
- 5.
The US$ figures are at the PPP exchange rate of US$1 = R$1.7.
- 6.
To 2010, just over two million households received a warning, 0.7 million had a payment blocked; 0.3 million had a payment suspended; and 0.09 million were excluded (Castro and Modesto 2010).
- 7.
See Castro and Modesto (2010) for a review of studies on the impact of conditions in Bolsa Família.
- 8.
Researchers have focused on studying the incidence of social programmes, as opposed to their impact.
References
Anton, A., Hernandez, F., & Levy, S. (2012). The end of informality in Mexico. Fiscal Reform for Universal Social Insurance. Mexico City: Mimeo.
Barreto de Oliveira, F. E., & Beltrao, K. I. (2001). The Brazilian social security system. International Social Security Review, 54(1), 101–112.
Barrientos, A. (2013a). The rise of social assistance in Brazil. Development and Change, 44(44), 4.
Barrientos, A. (2013b). Social assistance in developing countries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Barrientos, A. (2014). On the distributional implications of social protection reforms in Latin America. In A. C. Cornia (Ed.), Falling inequality in Latin America: Policy changes and lessons. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Brazilian Court of Audit. (2003). TCU evaluation of the child labor eradication programme. Brasilia: SEPROG.
Castro, J. A., & Modesto, L. (2010). Bolsa Família 2003–2010: Avanços E Desafios (Vol. 1). Brasilia: IPEA.
Cecchini, S., & Martínez, R. (2011). Protección Social Inclusiva En América Latina: Una Mirada Integral, Un Enfoque de Derechos (Libros de La CEPAL). Santiago: CEPAL.
Cotta, T. C., & Paíva, L. H. (2010). O Programa Bolsa Família E a Proteção Social No Brasil. In J. A. Castro & L. Modesto (Eds.), Bolsa Família 2003–2010: Avanços E Desafios (pp. 57–99). Brasilia: IPEA.
Craveiro, C. B. A., & Ximenes, D. A. (2013). Dez Anos Do Programa Bolsa Família: Desafios E Perspectivas Para a Universalização Da Educação Básica No Brasil. In T. Campello & M. C. Neri (Eds.), Programa Bolsa Família: Uma Década de Inclusão E Cidadania (pp. 109–124). Brasilia: IPEA.
Ferreira de Souza, P. H. G. (2012). Poverty, inequality and social policies in Brazil, 1995–2009 (Working Paper Number 87). International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth. United Nations Development Programme, Brasilia.
Ferreira, F. H. G., Lanjouw, P., & Neri, M. (2002). A robust poverty profile for Brazil using multiple data sources. Revista Brasileira de Economia, 44, 1.
Glewwe, P., & Kassouf, A. L. (2012). The impact of Bolsa Escola/Bolsa Familia conditional cash transfer program on enrollment, dropout rates and grade promotion in Brazil. Journal of Development Economics, 97, 505–517.
Guerreiro Osorio, R., Souza, P. H. G. F., Soares, S. S. D., & Oliveira L. F. B. (2011). Perfil Da Pobreza No Brasil E Sua Evolução No Período 2004–2009. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada.
Hall, A. (2006). From Fome Zero to Bolsa Familia: Social policies and poverty alleviation under Lula. Journal of Latin American Studies, 38(4), 689–709.
IPEA. (2013). Duas Décadas de Desigualdade E Pobreza No Brasil Medidas Pela Pnad/IBGE. IPEA No159.
Jaccoud, L., Hadjab, P. D. E., & Chaibub, J. R. (2009). Assistência Social E Securança Alimentar: Entre Novas Trajetórias, Vehlas Agendas E Recentes Desafíos (1988–2008). In Diretoría de Etudos e Políticas Sociais (Ed.), Políticas Sociais: Acompanhamento E Análise 17 (pp. 175–250). Brasilia: IPEA.
Jaccoud, L., Hadjab, P. D. E., & Chaibub, J. R. (2010). The consolidation of social assistance in Brazil and its challenges, 1988–2008 (Working Paper 76). Brasilia: International Policy Centre.
Januzzi, P. M., & Pinto, A. R. (2013). Bolsa Família E Seus Impactos Nas Condições de Vida Da População Brasileira: Uma Síntese Dos Principais Achados Da Pesquisa de Availação de Impacto Do Bolsa Família II. In T. Campello & M. C. Neri (Eds.), Programa Bolsa Família: Uma Década de Inclusão E Cidadania (pp. 179–192). Brasilia: IPEA.
Lynch, J. (2006). Age in the welfare state. The origins of social spending on pensioners, workers, and children. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Magalhães, J. H. M., Jaime, P. C., & Lima, A. M. C. (2013). O Papel Do Setor Saúde No Programa Bolsa Família: Histórico, Resultados E Desafíos Para O Sistema Unico de Saúde. In T. Campello & M. C. Neri (Eds.), Programa Bolsa Família: Uma Década de Inclusão E Cidadania (pp. 93–108). Brasilia: IPEA.
Ministry of Social Development and Fight against Hunger. (2013). Plano Brasil Sem Miséria (Brazil without misery plan). A year of results. Brasilia.
Paes de Barros, F. H. G., Ferreira, J. M., & Saavedra, J. (2009). Measuring inequality of opportunity in Latin America and the Caribbean (Latin American Development Forum Series). Washington, DC: World Bank, Palgrave Macmillan.
Pierson, P. (1993). When effect becomes cause: Policy feedback and political change. World Politics, 45(4), 595–628.
Rasella, D., Aquino, R., Santos, C. A. T., Paes-Sousa, R., & Barreto, M. L. (2013). Effect of a conditional cash transfer programme on childhood mortality: A nationwide analysis of Brazilian municipalities. The Lancet, 382, 57–64.
Soares, F. V., Ribas, R. P., & Osório, R. G. (2010). Evaluating the impact of Bolsa Família. Latin American Research Review, 45(2), 173–190.
Sposati, A. (2010). Bolsa Família: Um Programa Com Futuro(s). In J. A. Castro & L. Modesto (Eds.), Bolsa Família 2003–2010: Avanços E Desafios (pp. 267–299). Brasilia: IPEA.
Turra, C. M., Queiroz, B. L., & Rios-Neto, E. L. G. (2007). Idiosyncrasies of intergenerational transfers in Brazil. In A. Mason & R. Lee (Eds.), Population ageing and the generational economy: A global perspective (pp. 394–406). London: Edward Elgar.
UN Millennium Project. (2005). Objetivos de Desarrollo Del Milenio: Una Mirada Desde Amé́rica Latina Y El Caribe. Santiago de Chile: Naciones Unidas.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Barrientos, A., Telias Simunovic, A. (2015). Child Poverty Reduction in Brazil: Reversing Bismarck?. In: Fernandez, E., Zeira, A., Vecchiato, T., Canali, C. (eds) Theoretical and Empirical Insights into Child and Family Poverty. Children’s Well-Being: Indicators and Research, vol 10. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17506-5_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17506-5_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-17505-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-17506-5
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawSocial Sciences (R0)