Skip to main content

Reactions to Dissatisfaction in Marketplace: Complaint Styles of Optimist and Pessimist Consumers

  • Conference paper
Proceedings of the 1993 World Marketing Congress

Abstract

A conceptual analysis indicates that the learned helplessness paradigm is a promising explanatory framework to study consumer complaint behavior. The major proposition of this model is that consumers with pessimistic attributional styles choose passive means of dealing with dissatisfaction experiences in the marketplace. In addition, the study investigates differences in reactions to dissatisfaction with services versus tangible products. Initial empirical findings generally support the learned helplessness proposition. Results also identify significant differences between complaint actions of those who are dissatisfied with a service versus a product. Practical implications and future research needs are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abramson, L.Y., M.E.P. Seligman and J. Teasdale. 1978. “Learned Helplessness in Humans: Critique and Reformulation.” Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 87: 32–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bush, Victoria D. and Emin Babakus. 1992. “Explaining Consumer Complaint Behavior via the Learned Helplessness Paradigm.” Summer Educators’ Conference of the American Marketing Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, Ralph L. 1980. “Research Perspectives on Consumer Complaining Behavior.” Theoretical Developments in Marketing. Eds. Charles Lamb and Patrick Dunne. Chicago: AMA: 211–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • —and E. Laird Landon, Jr. 1977. “Towards a Theory of Consumer Complaining Behavior.” Consumer and Industrial Buying Behavior. Eds. A. Woodside, J. Sheth and P. Bennett. Amsterdam: Noth–Holland Publishing Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folkes, Valerie S. 1988. “Recent Attribution Research in Consumer Behavior: A Review and New Directions.” Journal of Consumer Research. 14(March): 548–565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1984. “Consumer Reactions to Product Failure: An Attributional Approach.” Journal of Consumer Research. 10(March): 398–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —and Barbara Kotsos. 1986. “Buyers’ and Sellers’ Explanations for Product Failure: Who Done It?” Journal of Marketing. 50(April): 74–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —, Susan Koletsky and John L. Graham. 1987. “A Field Study of Causal Inferences and Consumer Reaction: The View From the Airport.” Journal of Consumer Research. 13(March): 534–539.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fornell, Claes and Birger Wernerfelt. 1987. “Defensive Marketing Strategy by Customer Complaint Management: A Theoretical Analysis.” Journal of Marketing Research. 24(November): 337–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garber, F. and M.E.P. Seligman. 1980. Human Helplessness. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, Sandra H. 1983. “The Learned Helpless: A New Consideration for Advertising and Sales Promotion.” in Proceedings of Southern Marketing Association. Atlanta: 282–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • LaForge, Mary C. 1989. “Learned Helplessness as an Explanation of Elderly Consumer Complaint Behavior.” Journal of Business Ethics. 8: 359–366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Little, Taylor E., Jr. 1984. “An Examination of the Differences in the Processing of Choice Relevant Information Between Learned and Nonlearned Helpless Consumers.” Dissertation. University of Alabama.

    Google Scholar 

  • Motes, William H. 1982. “A Learned Helplessness Model of Consumer Behavior.” Proceedings of AMA Educators’ Conference. Eds. R.F. Bush and S.D. Hunt. Chicago: 151–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, Richard L. 1980. “A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions.” Journal of Marketing Research. 17(November): 460–469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Overmier, J.B. and M.E.P. Seligman. 1967. “Effects of Inescapable Shock Upon Subsequent Escape and Avoidance Responding.” Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology. 63: 28–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, C, A. Semmel, C. VonBaeyer, L.Y. Abramson, G.I. Metalsky, and M.E.P. Seligman. 1982. “The Attributional Style Questionnaire.” Cognitive Therapy and Research. 6(3): 287–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richins, Marsha L. 1983a. “Negative Word-of-Mouth by Dissatisfied Consumers: A Pilot Study.” Journal of Marketing. 47(Winter): 68–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1983b. “An Analysis of Consumer Interaction Styles in the Marketplace.” Journal of Consumer Research. 10(June): 73–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, Leonard. 1981. Managing Consumer Complaints: Responsive Approaches to Consumer Needs. Boston: Consumer Affairs Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seligman, M.E.P. and S.G. Maier. 1967. “Failure to Escape Traumatic Shock.” Journal of Experimental Psychology. 74(May): 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —and Peter Schulman. 1986. “Explanatory Style as a Predictor of Productivity and Quitting Among Life Insurance Sales Agents.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 50(4): 832–938.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, Jagdip. 1988. “Consumer Complaint Intentions and Behavior: Definitional and Taxonomical Issues.” Journal of Marketing. 52(January): 93–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1991. “Industry Characteristics and Consumer Dissatisfaction.” Journal of Consumer Affairs. 25(1): 19–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • TARP. 1979. Consumer Complaint Handling in America: Summary of Findings and Recommendations. U.S. Department of Consumer Affairs. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • TARP. 1986. Consumer Complaint Handling in America: Summary of Findings Update. U.S. Department of Consumer Affairs. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodruff, Robert B., Ernest R. Cadotte, and Roger L. Jenkins. 1983. “Modeling Consumer Satisfaction Processes Using Experience - Based Norms.” Journal of Marketing Research. 20(August): 296–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Academy of Marketing Science

About this paper

Cite this paper

Babakus, E. (2015). Reactions to Dissatisfaction in Marketplace: Complaint Styles of Optimist and Pessimist Consumers. In: Sirgy, M., Bahn, K., Erem, T. (eds) Proceedings of the 1993 World Marketing Congress. Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17323-8_110

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics