Abstract
Recently, a significant amount of research has been focused on extracting knowledge from natural language (NL) text and transforming it into an ontology-based semantic representation [ref]. The purpose of this research is to find ways to translate meaningful information in NL sources into a standardized, structured knowledge representation for the purposes of semantic normalization, integration, analysis, and reasoning.
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Notes
- 1.
Example from the approved Joint Command, Control and Consultation Information Exchange Data Model (JC3IEDM) triple [Action records-observed-results-of Action-Effect].
- 2.
Literals can be any string in RDF and OWL, so records-observed-results-of could be represented as the string “x,” as long as it is unique, though this is relatively useless for humans.
- 3.
As will be discussed later, this is not as straightforward as simply applying a NL parser to ontology strings, since the strings are often formatted differently (hyphenation in our example) and are often ungrammatical, in a NL sense, which leads to unsuccessful parsing results when using standard NL parsers.
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Bimson, K., Hull, R., Nieten, D. (2016). The Lexical Bridge: A Methodology for Bridging the Semantic Gaps between a Natural Language and an Ontology. In: Workman, M. (eds) Semantic Web. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16658-2_7
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