Abstract
A harbor is defined as a haven, and in the context of this handbook, it is a body of water that provides shelter to vessels. A harbor can be natural or artificial, situated along the shore with water deep enough for anchoring a ship in an area that provides protection from wind, waves and currents. When Henry Hudson arrived in the new world in 1609, he discovered what would become New York, and the success of New York can be traced to its excellent natural harbor. Many of today great seaports are located at natural harbors that have been developed into world-class port facilities. This handbook will deal exclusively with artificial harbors and the port facilities they protect.
Ports can be defined as a city, town, or place where ships are moored, loaded, or unloaded. They typically reside within a harbor and are made up of one or more individual terminals that handle a particular cargo including passengers, bulk cargo, or containerized cargo. This chapter in the handbook will define the various types of marine terminals and the structures that can be found in a port.
This chapter provides the coastal and ocean engineer an understanding of the types of port and harbor facilities that they may be involved in, including the individual structures that make up these facilities and the loads imposed on them. It is intended to provide an overview of these structures, so that the coastal and ocean engineers can better provide the design support to the marine structural engineers in the planning and designing of such facilities.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- ATB:
-
articulated tug barge
- COG:
-
center of gravity
- CP:
-
cathodic protection
- DWT:
-
deadweight tonnage
- ITB:
-
integrated tug barge
- LNG:
-
liquefied natural gas
- LOA:
-
length overall
- LPG:
-
liquefied petroleum gas
- MBM:
-
multi-buoy mooring
- MEG3:
-
mooring equipment guideline
- RMG:
-
rail mounted gantrie
- RTG:
-
rubber tire gantrie
- SPM:
-
single point mooring
- TEU:
-
twenty-foot equivalent unit
- UFC:
-
Unified Facilities Criteria
- ULCC:
-
ultra large crude carrier
- ULCS:
-
ultra large container ship
- VLCC:
-
very large crude carrier
References
Working Group II-30 PIANC-IAPH: Approach Channels: A Guide for Design, Final Report (PIANC, Brussels 1997)
British Standards Institute: Maritime Structures. Code of Practice for Design of Fendering and Mooring Systems, BS 6349-4 (BSI, London 1994)
B.L. McCartney, L.L. Ebner, L.Z. Hales, E.E. Nelson (Eds.): Ship Channel Design and Operation (ASCE, Reston 2005) p. 272
PIANC-IAPH: Joint PIANC-IAPH Report on Approach Channels – Preliminary Guidelines (Volume 1) (PIANC, Brussels 1995)
IALA ANM Committee: Aids to Navigation Manual (IALA NAVGUIDE) (IALA-AISM, Saint-Germain-en-Laye 2010) p. 190
U.S. Army Corp of Engineers: Coastal Engineering Manual – Part VI, EM-1110-2-1100 (U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Washington 2002)
U.S. Army Corp of Engineers: Design of Coastal Revetments, Seawalls and Bulkheads, EM 1110-2-1614 (U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Washington 1995)
U.S. Army Corp of Engineers: Design of Sheet Pile Cellular Structures, Cofferdams and Retaining Structures, EM 1110-2-2503 (U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Washington 1989)
U.S. Army Corp of Engineers: Design of Sheet Pile Walls, EM 1110-2-2504 (U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Washington 1994)
United States Steel: USS Steel Sheet Piling Design Manual (U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington 1984)
R. Heger: Dockmaster’s Training Manual (Heger Dry Dock, Holliston 2005)
Design: Piers and Wharves UFC 4-752-01 (Department of Defense, Washington DC 2005)
Naval Facilities Engineering Command: Marine Railways, MIL-HDBK-1029/2 (Department of the Navy, Washington DC 1989)
M.W. LaNier, M. Wernli, R. Easley, P.S. Springston: New technologies proven in precast concrete modular floating pier for U.S. Navy, PCI J. 50(4), 76–99 (2005)
American Bureau of Shipping: Rules for Building and Classing Single Point Moorings (ABS, Houston 2014)
Naval Facilities Engineering Command: Design: Moorings, UFC 4-159-03 (Department of Defense, Washington DC 2005)
F.V. Costa: Dynamics of berthing impacts. In: NATO Advanced Study Institute on Analytical Treatment of Problems in the Berthing and Mooring of Ships, (NATO Advanced Study Institute, Wallingford 1973)
P. Lacey, P.D. Stebbings, P. Vallander, H.W. Vollstedt, H.W. Thoresen, M.L. Broeken, S. Meijer, A.G. Traffers, S. Uda, M. Tartaglini, M. Faeth, J.E.P. Serras, C.S.S. Hill, C.N. van Schaik, H. Smitz, J. Villaneuve, J. Uzcanga, H.F. Burcharth, P. Acton, P. Levreton: Guidelines for the Design of Fender Systems: 2002 (PIANC General Secretariat, Brussels 2002)
Y. Akahura, H. Takahashi: Ship Dimensions of Design Ship Under Given Confidence Limits (The Port and Harbour Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Japan, Kanagawa 1998)
Clarkson Research Services Limited: World Fleet Register, http://www.crsl.com (Clarkson Research, London)
U. S. Navy: FIXMOOR [Computer Program] (National Technical Information Service, Alexandria 1989)
Maritime Researach Institute: TERMSIM II [Computer Program], http://www.marin.nl
ANSYS: AQUA [Computer Program], http://www.ansys.com
W.E. Cummins: The Impulse Response Function and Ship Motions, David Taylor Model Basin Report No. 1661 (US Department of the Navy, Bethesda 1962)
G. van Oortmerssen: The Motions of a Moored Ship in Waves, MARIN Publication No. 510 (Wageningen, the Netherlands 1976)
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials: AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (AASHTO, Washington 2010)
American Society of Civil Engineers: ASCE 7: Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE, Reston 2010)
British Standards Institute: Maritime Works. Code of Practice for Planning and Design for Operations, BS 6349-1-1 (BSI, London 2013)
I.C. Council: 2012 International Building Code (ICC, Country Club Hills 2012)
Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses: Mitigation of Disasters in Ports, PIANC Report No. 112-2010
J.W. Gaythwaite: Design of Marine Facilities for the Berthing, Mooring, and Repair of Vessels, 2nd edn. (American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston 2004)
G.P. Tsinker: Marine Structures Engineering – Specialized Applications (Chapman Hall, New York 1995)
H. Agerschou (Ed.): Planning and Design of Ports and Marine Terminals, 2nd edn. (Thomas Telford, London 2004)
C.A. Thoresen: Port Designer’s Handbook; Recommendations and Guidelines (Thomas Telford, London 2010)
G.P. Tsinker: Port Engineering: Planning, Construction, Maintenance, and Security (Wiley, New York 2004)
G.P. Tsinker: Handbook of Port and Harbor Engineering: Geotechnical and Structural Aspects (Chapman Hall, New York 1997)
G.P. Tsinker: Marine Structures Engineering: Specialized Applications (Chapman Hall, New York 1995)
B.C. Gerwick Jr.: Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures, 3rd edn. (CBC, Boca Rotan 2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cairns, A., Carel, J.M., Li, X. (2016). Port and Harbor Design. In: Dhanak, M.R., Xiros, N.I. (eds) Springer Handbook of Ocean Engineering. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16649-0_31
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16649-0_31
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-16648-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-16649-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)