Skip to main content

Motivations and Experiences of Museum Visitors: The Case of the Imperial War Museum, United Kingdom

  • Conference paper
Book cover Cultural Tourism in a Digital Era

Abstract

This study explores motivations of visitors to the Imperial War Museum (North and South), United Kingdom, with a view to understanding why people visit museums associated with conflicts. Though museums are part of the education and leisure industry, the distinction between education and leisure is often blurred. There are a number of reasons why people visit museums. Motives of museum visitors can be grouped into intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This study analysed the extent to which museum visitors are motivated by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Semi-structured interviews with visitors were conducted w at the Imperial Museum of War (North and South), United Kingdom. The findings do establish that extrinsic motivations are more dominant than the intrinsic ones for visiting the Imperial War Museum. The importance of extrinsic factors in motivating museum visitors would suggest that providing an opportunity for a good day out has more appeal to the visitors than the collections in the museum for the average visitors. The experiencing of museum in its totality is more important than the individual collections or the theme of the museum to the mainstream visitor. This work has made a contribution to understanding visitor motivations, which are multi-facetted, complex and not necessarily fully understood by the visitors themselves.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alderson, W., & Low, S. (1996). Interpretation of historic sites (rev 2nd ed.). Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, D. (1995). Gradgrind driving Queen Mab’s chariot: What museums have (and have not) learnt from adult education. In A. Chadwick & A. Stannett (Eds.), Museums and the education of adults (pp. 11–33). Leicester: National Institute of Adult Continuing Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, G. (2005). The engaging museum: Developing museums for visitor involvement. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blundell Jones, P. (2003). War stories: Daniel Libeskind’s trophy building for the imperial War Museum is a key element in the regeneration of Salford’s defunct docks. The Architectural Review. Accessed 12 Jul, 2010. Available at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3575/is_1271_213/ai_97232974/

  • Bowdin, G., Allen, J., O’Toole, W., Harris, R., & McDonell, I. (2006). Events management (2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, C., & Gatewood, J. (2003). Seeking numinous experiences in the unremembered past. Ethnology, 42, 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, S. (2005). Still popular: Museums and their visitors 1994–2004. Cultural Trends, 14(1), 67–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, A., & Prentice, R. (1995). Conceptualizing the latent visitor to heritage attractions. Tourism management, 16(7), 491–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denscombe, M. (2007). The good research guide for small-scale social research projects (3rd ed.). Maidenhead: McGraw Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falk, J., & Dierking, L. (1992). The museum experience. Washington: Whalesback.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falk, J., Dierking, L., & Holland, D. (1995). What do we think people learn in museums? In J. H. Falk & L. D. Dierking (Eds.), Public institutions for personal learning: Establishing a research agenda (pp. 17–22). Washington DC: American Association of Museums, Technical Information Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrod, B., & Fyall, A. (2000). Managing heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(3), 682–708.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goulding, C. (2000). The museum environment and the visitor experience. European Journal of Marketing, 34(3/4), 261–278. 1(10), 745–760.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gutting, G. (Ed.). (2005). Continental philosophy of science. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habbermas, J. (2005). Knowledge and human interests: A general perspective. In: Gutting G (ed) Continental philosophy of science (pp. 310–318). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harold, J. (2005). Between intrinsic and extrinsic value. Journal of Social Philosophy, XXXVI.1(Spring 2005), 85–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, P., & Shaw, R. (2004). Consumer satisfaction and post-purchase intentions: An exploratory study of museum visitors. International Journal of Arts Management, 6(2), 23–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, D., & Slater, A. (2002). Rethinking the missionary position—the quest for sustainable audience development strategies. Managing Leisure, 7, 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hood, M. G. (1983, April). Staying away: Why people choose not to visit museums. Museum News, 50–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooper-Greenhill, E. (1994a). Museums and their visitors. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooper-Greenhill, E. (1994b). Audiences: A curatorial dilemma. In E. Hooper-Greenhill (Ed.), The educational role of the museum. London, New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooper-Greenhill, E. (1995). A museum educator’s perspective. In A. Chadwick & A. Stannett (Eds.), Museums and the education of adults (pp. 49–64). Leicester: National Institute of Adult Continuing Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • IWM Website: http://www.iwm.org.uk/ (accessed 13/07/2010)

  • Jakle, J. (1985). The tourist: travel in twentieth century North America. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansen-Verbeke, M., & Van Redom, J. (1996). Scanning museum visitor, urban tourism marketing. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(2), 364–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lennon, J., & Foley, M. (2006). Dark tourism. The attraction of death and disaster. London: Thomson.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre, C. (2009). Museum and art gallery experience space characteristics: An entertaining show or a contemplative bathe? International Journal of Tourism Research, 11(2), 155–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLean, F. (1993). Marketing in museums: A contextual analysis. Museum Management and Curatorship, 12(1), 11–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLean, F. (1994). Services marketing: The case of museums. Service Industries Journal, 14(2), 190–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merriman, N. (1991). Beyond the glass case: The past, the heritage and the public in Britain. Leicester: Leicester University Press. Museum Management and Curatorship, 21(2006), 44–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • MLA Programmes Research Paper: Markets and Users. (2005). http://www.mla.gov.uk/programmes/renaissance/marketuset (Accessed 18/06/2010)

  • Mohr, K., Backman, K. F., Gahan, L. W., & Backman, S. J. (1993). An investigation of festival motivations and event satisfaction by visitor type. Festival Management & Event Tourism, 1, 89–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MORI. (2004). Visitors to museums and galleries, research study conducted for the museums. London: Libraries & Archives Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moussouri, T. (2002). A context for the development of learning outcomes in museums, libraries and archives. Prepared for the Learning Impact Research Project Team, Research Centre for Museums and Galleries, University of Leicester. Also available from http://www.le.ac.uk/museumstudies/research/rcmgpublicationsandprojects.html

  • Orr, T. (2004). The information-seeking behaviour of museum visitors a review of literature ABSTRACT: The dynamics of museum visitor. home.earthlink.net/~toriorr/ROL_MuseumVisitors.doc (Accessed 18/06/2010)

  • Poria, Y., Reichel, A., & Biran, A. (2005). Heritage site management motivations and expectations. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(1), 162–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prentice, R., Davies, A., & Beeho, A. (1997). Seeking generic motivations for visiting and not visiting museums and like cultural attractions. Museum Management and Curatorship, 16(1), 45–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reiss, S. (2004). Multifaceted nature of intrinsic motivation: The theory of 16 basic desires. Review of General Psychology, 8(3), 179–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reiss, S. (2005). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation at 30: Unresolved scientific issues. The Behavior Analyst, 28(1), 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, G. (Ed.). (2007). Cultural tourism: Global and local perspectives. London: Haworth Hospitality.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, C. (Ed.). (1997). The tourist experience. London: Thomson Learning.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarantakos, S. (2002). Social research. Basingstoke & New York: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Screven, C. (1976). Exhibit evaluation—A goal referenced approach. Curator: The Museum Journal, 19(4), 271–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shackley, M. (1999). Visitor management. In A. Leask & I. Yeoman (Eds.), Heritage visitor attractions: An operations management perspective (pp. 69–82). London: Thomson Learning.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slater, A. (2006). ‘Escaping to the gallery’: Understanding the motivations of visitors to galleries. International Journal of Non-profit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 12, 149–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thyne, M. (2001). The importance of values research for non-profit organisations: The motivation-based values of museum visitors. International Journal of Non-profit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 6(2), 116–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Timothy, D., & Boyd, S. (2003). Heritage tourism. Harlow: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uysal, M., Gahan, L., and Martin, B. (1993) as cited in Bowdin, G. et al. (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed.). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jithendran Kokkranikal .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Powell, R., Kokkranikal, J. (2015). Motivations and Experiences of Museum Visitors: The Case of the Imperial War Museum, United Kingdom. In: Katsoni, V. (eds) Cultural Tourism in a Digital Era. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15859-4_15

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics