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Properties of Materials Used in Orthopaedic Implant Systems

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Principles of Human Joint Replacement

Abstract

This chapter describes the mechanical, physical, corrossive and bio-compatability properties of materials used in orthopaedics. Titanium and Co-Cr-Mo alloys are used, almost exclusively, for metalic implants. Of these the titanium alloy seems best suited for orthopaedic use due to its superior biocompatability, light weight, and low stiffnes and cost. Its poor abrasion resistance, however, makes the use of a hard coating, such as TiN ceramic necessary to produce a clearly superior metallic implant component. Aluminum alloys and stainless steels are used in instruments. Aluminum is used where low weight and low cost are important and great strength and abrasion resistance are not needed. Stainless steels of various types are employed in instruments. Austenitic 300 series is used where good corrosion resistance and strength are important but abrasion resistance is not. The 400 series steels are used where abrasion resistance is important such as in cutting tools and guides and some corrosion resistance can be sacrificed. The precipitation hardening steels are used where improved corrosion resistance is needed but at the sacrifice of hardness and strength compared to the 400 series. UHMWPe is exclusively used for implant bearings with an highly cross-linked version commonly used for hip replacement bearings due to its apparent greatly improved wear resistance. The increased stiffness and brittlenes of this irradiation, however, makes the use if such materials in incongruent knees devices, questionable. Acetal and other engineering plastics are used for many instrument applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. South Mountain Orthopaedics, South Orange, NJ, USA

    Frederick F. Buechel

  2. Jensen Beach, Florida, USA

    Michael J. Pappas

Authors
  1. Frederick F. Buechel
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  2. Michael J. Pappas
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Correspondence to Frederick F. Buechel .

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Buechel, F.F., Pappas, M.J. (2015). Properties of Materials Used in Orthopaedic Implant Systems. In: Principles of Human Joint Replacement. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15311-7_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15311-7_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-15310-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-15311-7

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