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Importance and Roles of Fiber in the Diet

  • Chapter
High Calorie Diet and the Human Brain

Abstract

Dietary fiber is the non-digestible form of carbohydrates and lignin. Consumption of high fiber diet produces beneficial effects on human health through many potential mechanisms. Thus, dietary fiber not only increases fecal bulking and viscosity, but also decreases contact time between potential carcinogens and mucosal cells. In addition, dietary fiber not only increases the binding between bile acids and carcinogens, but also promotes healthy lipid profiles, glucose tolerance, and ensures normal gastrointestinal function. In addition, dietary fiber is a substrate for fermentation by microbiota found in the rectum. Microbiota produce SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), which are readily absorbed. Butyrate is the major energy source for colonocytes. Propionate is largely taken up by the liver. Acetate enters the peripheral circulation to be metabolized by peripheral tissues. In colonic mucosa, butyrate promotes prevention of colon cancer by inducing cell differentiation, cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis of transformed colonocytes. Collective evidence suggests that increase in SCFA production, specifically butyrate in distal colon may result in a protective effect. Collective evidence suggests that dietary fiber improves laxation, increases excretion of bile acid, estrogen, and fecal procarcinogens and carcinogens, lowers serum cholesterol, slows glucose absorption and improves insulin sensitivity. The consumption of fiber also lowers blood pressure, promotes weight loss, inhibits lipid peroxidation; and produces anti-inflammatory effects.

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    Akhlaq A. Farooqui

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Farooqui, A.A. (2015). Importance and Roles of Fiber in the Diet. In: High Calorie Diet and the Human Brain. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15254-7_7

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