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Impact of Light Ethanol Intake and of Taurine, Separately and Together, on Pathways of Glucose Metabolism in the Kidney of Diabetic Rats

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Taurine 9

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 803))

Abstract

This study has comparatively evaluated ethanol and taurine for their effects on diabetes-induced changes in the activities of enzymes related to the classical and alternative pathways of glucose metabolism, both separately and in combination with each other, in the rat. The experiments were carried out using male Sprague-Dawley rats, 310–340 g in weight, assigned to groups of six. Ethanol, as a 5 % (v/v) solution, was freely available from days 1 to 28 in place of the drinking water. Diabetes was induced on day 15 with streptozotocin, 60 mg/kg i.p. in 10 mM citrate buffer pH 4.5. Taurine, 2.4 mM/kg, was given by oral gavage alongside ethanol. Kidneys were collected on day 29 and made into homogenates in PBS pH 7.4, which were used to assay enzymes related to glycolysis (HK, GK-like, PFK-1, PK, GAPDH), gluconeogenesis (PC, cPEPCK, FBPase, G6Pase), Krebs cycle (CS), malate shuttle (cMDH), pentose phosphate pathway (G6PDH, 6PGDH) and polyol pathway (AR, SDH) as well as the glucose and glycogen contents. Diabetes increased the enzyme activities of glycolysis (≥55 %), gluconeogenesis (≥162 %), malate shuttle (>125 %), pentose phosphate pathway (>200 %), AR (~110 %) and glycogenesis (~235 %), lowered the activity of the Krebs cycle (by 73 %), and increased the glycogen/glucose ratio (~300 %). The daily consumption of a low concentration of ethanol or an oral dosing with taurine generally resulted in a significant protection against the changes in the activities of metabolic pathways associated with glucose metabolism when given before the induction of diabetes, being about equipotent in their effects, their individual protective effects became enhanced when available concurrently.

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Abbreviations

STZ:

Streptozotocin

TAU:

Taurine

EtOH:

Ethanol

HK:

Hexokinase

GKL:

Glucokinase-like

PFK-1:

Phosphofructokinase-1

PK:

Pyruvate kinase

GAPDH:

Glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

PC:

Pyruvate carboxylase

cPEPCK:

Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

FBPase:

Fructose-1,-6-bisphosphatase

G6Pase:

Glucose 6-phosphatase

TCA:

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

CS:

Citrate synthase

cMDH:

Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase

G6PDH:

Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase

6PGDH:

6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase

AR:

Aldose reductase

SDH:

Sorbitol dehydrogenase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Jamaica, NY, USA

    Sanket N. Patel, Mitul Parikh & Cesar A. Lau-Cam

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  1. Sanket N. Patel
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  2. Mitul Parikh
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Correspondence to Cesar A. Lau-Cam .

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  1. Chair of Immunology, Medical College Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland

    Janusz Marcinkiewicz

  2. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA

    Stephen W. Schaffer

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Patel, S.N., Parikh, M., Lau-Cam, C.A. (2015). Impact of Light Ethanol Intake and of Taurine, Separately and Together, on Pathways of Glucose Metabolism in the Kidney of Diabetic Rats. In: Marcinkiewicz, J., Schaffer, S. (eds) Taurine 9. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 803. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_23

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