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Macroevolution pp 227–275Cite as

Uniting Micro- with Macroevolution into an Extended Synthesis: Reintegrating Life’s Natural History into Evolution Studies

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Part of the book series: Interdisciplinary Evolution Research ((IDER,volume 2))

Abstract

The Modern Synthesis explains the evolution of life at a mesolevel by identifying phenotype–environmental interactions as the locus of evolution and by identifying natural selection as the means by which evolution occurs. Both micro- and macroevolutionary schools of thought are post-synthetic attempts to evolutionize phenomena above and below organisms that have traditionally been conceived as non-living. Microevolutionary thought associates with the study of how genetic selection explains higher-order phenomena such as speciation and extinction, while macroevolutionary research fields understand species and higher taxa as biological individuals and they attribute evolutionary causation to biotic and abiotic factors that transcend genetic selection. The microreductionist and macroholistic research schools are characterized as two distinct epistemic cultures where the former favor mechanical explanations, while the latter favor historical explanations of the evolutionary process by identifying recurring patterns and trends in the evolution of life. I demonstrate that both cultures endorse radically different notions on time and explain how both perspectives can be unified by endorsing epistemic pluralism.

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Acknowledgments

The work was written with the support of the John Templeton Foundation (grant ID 36288) and the Portuguese Fund for Scientific Research (grant ID SFRH/BPD/89195/2012). The author is grateful to Diederik Aerts, Luís Borda de Agua, Francis Heylighen, Octávio Mateus, and Emanuele Serrelli for useful comments to the text.

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  1. Applied Evolutionary Epistemology Lab, Centre for Philosophy of Science, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

    Nathalie Gontier

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  1. Department of Human Sciences U6, 4th floor, University of Milano Bicocca "Riccardo Massa", Milano, Italy

    Emanuele Serrelli

  2. Centre for Philosophy of Science Campo Grande, Edifício C4, University of Lisbon AppEEL, Lisbon, Portugal

    Nathalie Gontier

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Gontier, N. (2015). Uniting Micro- with Macroevolution into an Extended Synthesis: Reintegrating Life’s Natural History into Evolution Studies. In: Serrelli, E., Gontier, N. (eds) Macroevolution. Interdisciplinary Evolution Research, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15045-1_7

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