Abstract
This paper gives an overview of the main philosophical applications to which conceptual spaces have been put. In particular, we show how they can be used to (i) resolve in a uniform way the so-called paradoxes of identity, which are basically problems concerning material constitution and change over time; (ii) answer one of the core questions in the debate concerning vagueness, to wit, the question of what a borderline case is, for instance, what makes some items neither clearly green nor clearly not green but borderline green; and, building on this answer, give a philosophically coherent account of the graded membership relation that is at the heart of fuzzy set theory; and (iii) provide a novel analysis of the concept of knowledge, which answers in a conservative way questions recently raised about the relationship between knowledge (or knowledge ascriptions) and the practical interests of putative knowers.
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Notes
- 1.
In the following, we assume readers to be familiar with the basics of the conceptual spaces approach. Readers who are not may wish to consult the first chapters of Gärdenfors (2000) and the introduction to this volume.
- 2.
See Douven and Decock (2010) for references and further details.
- 3.
To be exact, the points representing these objects in the various spaces must be sufficiently close to each other. We will sometimes leave this distinction implicit.
- 4.
The resulting theory of graded membership generalizes further still to an account of graded truth, as shown in Douven and Decock (2015).
- 5.
Some may want to go further still in claiming that the kind of conceptual construction typical of the conceptual spaces approach is superior to the traditional method of conceptual analysis. For instance, according to an anonymous referee, the conceptual spaces approach is “more cognitively sound than any conceptual analysis which relies mainly on two ‘tools’: intuition and logic. The greater cognitive adequacy of [conceptual spaces] for explaining concept formation and stabilization is compelling … because it reconciles empirical data with philosophical analysis.”
- 6.
We are greatly indebted to Frank Zenker and two anonymous referees for valuable comments on a previous version of this paper.
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Decock, L., Douven, I. (2015). Conceptual Spaces as Philosophers’ Tools. In: Zenker, F., Gärdenfors, P. (eds) Applications of Conceptual Spaces. Synthese Library, vol 359. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15021-5_11
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