Skip to main content

Background to Australian House Energy Rating

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 327 Accesses

Part of the book series: Springer Theses ((Springer Theses))

Abstract

This chapter discusses the context of space heating and its associated energy use in Australian residential buildings. The use of heating is then considered in the context of Australian greenhouse gas emissions and the recent acceptance of the need to stabilise and then reduce emissions. To achieve a reduction in residential greenhouse gas emissions, a range of measures have been developed by industry and government. One of these measures to reduce the energy for heating and cooling due to poor building envelope designs was to introduce residential house energy star-ratings for new Australian housing (Delsante 1996). A number of industry groups raised concerns with regard to the effectiveness and capabilities of the HER star-rating softwares. These are discussed in Chap. 2 and Chap. 3 then discusses the history and complexities of house energy rating software validation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • ABCB. (2000). International survey of building energy codes. Office of the Australian Building Codes Board for the Australian Greenhouse Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • ABCB. (2002). The building code of Australia: 1996 amendment 11 (Vol. 2). Australian Building Codes Board.

    Google Scholar 

  • ABCB. (2003a) The building code of Australia: 1996 amendment 12 (Vol. 2). Australian Building Codes Board.

    Google Scholar 

  • ABCB. (2003b). The building code of Australia: 1996 amendment 13 (Vol. 2). Australian Building Codes Board.

    Google Scholar 

  • ABCB. (2005a). The building code of Australia (Vol. 2). Australian Building Codes Board.

    Google Scholar 

  • ABCB. (2005b). Protocol for house energy rating software (Vol. 1). Australian Building Codes Board.

    Google Scholar 

  • ABCB. (2006a). The building code of Australia (Vol. 2). Australian Building Codes Board.

    Google Scholar 

  • ABCB. (2006b). Regulation impact statement (RIS 2006-01): Proposal to amend the building code of Australia to increase the energy efficiency requirements for houses. Australian Building Codes Board.

    Google Scholar 

  • ABCB. (2009a). Building improvements to raise house energy ratings from 5.0 stars, Australian Building Codes Board.

    Google Scholar 

  • ABCB. (2009b). Communications update: Proposed energy efficiency measures for BCA 2010. Australian Building Codes Board.

    Google Scholar 

  • ABCB. (2010). The building code of Australia (Vol. 2). Australian Building Codes Board.

    Google Scholar 

  • AGO. (1998). The national greenhouse strategy: Strategic response for advancing Australia’s greenhouse response. Commonwealth of Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • AGO. (1999). Australian residential building sector greenhouse gas emissions 1990–2010. Commonwealth of Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • AGO. (2000a). Energy research for the building code of Australia (Vol. 1). Australian Greenhouse Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • AGO. (2000b). Impact of minimum energy performance requirements for class 1 buildings in Victoria. Australian Greenhouse Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • AGO. (2002a). Australia’s national greenhouse gas inventory, 1990, 1995 and 1999: End use allocation of emissions (Vol. 1). Australian Greenhouse Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • AGO. (2002b). Australia’s national greenhouse gas inventory, 1990, 1995 and 1999: End use allocation of emissions (Vol. 2). Australian Greenhouse Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • AGO. (2004a). AGO comments on submission #28 (Dr T. Williamson). Australian Greenhouse Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • AGO. (2004b). Productivity commission inquiry into energy efficiency. Australian Greenhouse Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • AGO. (2005). National greenhouse gas inventory: Analysis of recent trends and greenhouse indicators 1990–2003. Australian Greenhouse Office, Department of Environment and Heritage, Australian Government.

    Google Scholar 

  • AGO. (2007a). An assessment of the need to adapt buildings for the unavoidable consequences of climate change. Branz Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • AGO. (2007b). Australian national greenhouse accounts: National inventory report (Vol. 1). Australian Greenhouse Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allan, A., Pullen, S., & Wyeld, T. (2003). Energy rating legislation in South Australia: A planner’s perspective. Paper presented to 37th Australian and New Zealand Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA) Conference, Australia: University of Sydney.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, C. (2002). Energy efficiency newsletter July 2002. Viewed 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arreaza, T., Reyes, V., & Almao, N. (2007). Going beyond local regulations on the built environment: Considerations and implications in the design process for city of Maracaibo, Venezuela. Paper presented to Sun, Wind and Architecture, The Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, National University of Singapore (pp. 22–24).

    Google Scholar 

  • ARUP Research & Development. (2005). UK housing and climate change: Heavyweight vs. lightweight construction. Ove Arup & Partners Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • AURORA. (2006). Energy saving advice. Aurora.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballinger, J., & Cassell, D. (1994). Solar efficient housing and NatHERS: An important marketing too. Paper presented to Solar ‘94 Secrets of the Sun Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Solar Energy Society, Sydney, NSW, 30 Nov–3 Dec, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bassett, M., & Stoecklein, A. (1998). A new thermal design guide for New Zealand houses. Paper presented to IPENZ Conference, Auckland, NZ.

    Google Scholar 

  • BCB. (2009). Review the appropriateness of building code of Australia climate zones for Tasmania. Tasmania: Workplace Standards, Department of Justice, Building Control Branch.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennet, B. (1999). Green housing. Ecos, 101, 25–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birkeland, J. (2002). Design for sustainability: A sourcebook of integrated ecological solutions. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanchard, S., & Reppe, P. (1998). Life cycle analysis of a residential home in Michigan. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • BMW. (2009). Energy efficiency rating software. www.bmw.wa.gov.au/files/building_energyefficiency.pdf.

  • Boardman, B., Darby, S., Killip, G., Hinnells, M., Jardine, C., Palmer, J., et al. (2005). 40% House. Oxford: University of Oxford, Environmental Change Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brohus, H., Heiselberg, P., Hesselholt, A., & Rasmussen, H. (2009). Application of partial safety factors in building energy performance assessment. Paper presented to Building Simulation 2009, Eleventh International IBPSA Conference, Glasgow, Scotland, July 27–30, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bromberek, Z., Beall, J., & Hinds, M. (2003). Housing trends and their implications for tourists accommodation in Australia. Paper presented to 37th Australian and New Zealand Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA) Conference, University of Sydney.

    Google Scholar 

  • Building Control Branch. (2009). Minimising the impact of 5 & 6 star building code of Australia deemed to satisfy provisions on timber flooring. Tasmania: Department of Justice, Building Control Branch.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cadima, P. (2007). The European strategy towards sustainability in the built environment. Paper presented to Sun, Wind and Architecture. The Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture. National University of Singapore, 22–24 November, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Camilleri, M., Jaques, R., & Isaacs, N. (2001). Climate change impacts on building performance. Paper presented to CIB World Building Congress, Wellington, NZ, April 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, I., Macfarlane, I., & Macdonald, I. (2006). Timber industry welcomes ministerial rejection of flawed 5-star system. National Forest & Timber, 15(1), 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carbon Trust. (2006). Integrated building design. London: Carbon Trust.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carter, R., & de Freitas, C. (2007). Climate change: Climate science and the stern review. World Economics, 8(2), 161–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chappells, H., & Shove, E. (2005). Debating the future of comfort: Environmental sustainability, energy consumption and the indoor environment. Building research & Information, 33(1), 32–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CIE. (2007). Capitalising on the building sector’s potential to lessen the costs of a broad based GHG emissions cut. Canberra: Centre for International Economics.

    Google Scholar 

  • COAG. (2009). National strategy on energy efficiency. Council of Australian Governments.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coldicutt, A., Coldicutt, S., Coldicutt, E., & White, D. (1978). Thermal performance of life-time costs of public housing units in Victoria and Tasmania, Australian Housing Research Council project 57. Melbourne: Department of Architecture and Building, University of Melbourne for the Australian Housing Research Housing Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, R., & Treloar, G. (2003). Validation of the use of Australian input-output data for building embodied energy simulation. Paper presented to Eighth International IBPSA Conference, Eindhoven, Netherlands, August 11–14, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daly, P. (2007). Integrating energy rating and carbon limitation in Irish building regulations a comparative analysis of Ireland and UK/(Eng/Wales). Paper presented to Sun, Wind and Architecture. The Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, National University of Singapore, 22–24 November, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M. (2005). House energy rating and the building code of Australia. Paper presented to Building Australia’s Future 2005, 4 August 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • DCC. (2009). Australia’s national greenhouse accounts: National greenhouse gas inventory accounting for the Kyoto target May 2009. Canberra: Department of Climate Change.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Souza, C., Knight, I., Dunn, G., & Marsh, A. (2006). Modelling buildings for energy use: A study of the effects of using multiple simulation tools and varying levels of input detail. Paper presented to International Conference on Electricity Efficiency in Commercial Buildings (IEECB 2006), Frankfurt, Germany, April 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delsante, A. (1996). The Australian nationwide house energy rating scheme. IBPSA NEWS, 8(1), 17–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delsante, A. (2005a). The AccuRate simulation engine. Paper presented to NatHERS Conference, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delsante, A. (2005b). Is the new generation of building energy rating software up to the task? a review of AccuRate. Paper presented to ABCB Conference ‘Building Australia’s Future 2005, Surfers Paradise, 11–15 September 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delsante, A. (2005c). Submission to productivity commission public enquiry into energy efficiency: Comments on section 7.8 of the draft report CSIRO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delsante, A. (2005–2010). Launceston thermal performance test cells: Advice and discussions to M Dewsbury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delsante, A. (2007). A comparison of NatHERS, FirstRate and AccuRate predictions of the difference between slab-on-ground floors and suspended timber floors (PN04.1008). Forest and Wood Products Research and Development Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Demeritt, D. (2010). The construction of global warming and the politics of science. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 91(2), 307–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Department of Public Works. (1850) Floor plan of school building and dwelling. State Library of Tasmania, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Public Works. (1926). Floor plans of residence. State Library of Tasmania, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • DEWHA. (2008). Energy use in the Australian residential sector: 1986–2020. Canberra: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewsbury, M. (2005–2010). Measured room temperatures in student housing, as observed by students in the Building Technology in Design subject.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewsbury, M., Fay, R., & Nolan, G. (2008). Thermal performance of light-weight timber test buildings. Paper presented to World Congress of Timber Engineering, Miyazaki.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewsbury, M., Fay, R., Nolan, G., & Vale, R. (2007a). The design of three thermal performance test cells in Launceston. Paper presented to The 41st Annual Conference of the Architectural Association ANZAScA, Geelong.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewsbury, M., Nolan, G., & Fay, R. (2007b). Test cell thermal performanceAugust to December 2006 (FWPRDC Project PN04.1009). Centre for Sustainable Architecture with Wood, School of Architecture, University of Tasmania: Launceston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewsbury, M., Soriano, F., Nolan, G., & Fay, R. (2009). Comparison of test cell thermal performance and the empirical validation of AccuRate in a cool temperate climate (PNA001-0405). Forest and Wood Products Australia Limited: Melbourne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Do, V., Young, A., Kienzl, N., & Pade, G. (2007). The development of energy efficiency building codes in the ASEAN areaa quarter-century review and the proposal for a design tool for commercial buildings in Vietnam. Paper presented to Sun, Wind and Architecture. The Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, National University of Singapore, 22–24 Nov, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downey, L., Slezak, J., Michael, J., & Wonhas, A. (2008). An Australian cost curve for greenhouse gas reduction. Sydney: McKinsey and Company Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drogemuller, R., Delsante, A., Moller, S., Sharpe, R., Blackmore, J., & Oakes, S. (1999). Scoping study of minimum energy performance requirements for incorporation into the building code of Australia. Australian Greenhouse Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckstein, D. (2006). BASIXlessons from implementation in NSW. Paper presented to Building Council of Sustainable Energy National Conference, Brisbane, Australia, 4 May 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Energy Partners. (2006). Rules of thumb for attaining 5 star energy rating for timber-floored dwellings. Energy Partners.

    Google Scholar 

  • enHealth. (2007). Health effects of unflued gas heater use in Australia. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • EU. (2003). Directive 2002/91/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 16 December 2002 on the energy performance of buildings. Official Journal of the European Communities (L1) , 46, 65–71).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fay, R., Treloar, G., & Iyer-Raniga, U. (2000). Life-cycle energy analysis of buildings: A case study. Building Research and Information, 28(1), 31–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flohn, H. (1980). Possible climatic consequences of a man-made global warming, RR-80–30. Laxenburg: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foliente, G., Seo, S., & Tucker, S. (2004). A guide to environmental design and assessment tools. Environment Design Guide, 57, 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fung, J., Porteous, C., & Sharpe, T. (2007). Lifestyle as a key determinant of the home environment. Paper presented to Sun, Wind and Architecture. The Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, National University of Singapore, 22–24 November, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gann, D., Wang, Y., & Hawkins, R. (1998). Do regulations encourage innovation?—the case of energy efficiency in housing. Building Research & Information, 26(4), 280–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, D. (2006). Beyond Montrealwhat next? the UK business perspective. Paper presented to BCSE National Conference 2006, Brisbane, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gullu, D., Caglar, A., & Akdeniz, F. (2001). Recent energy studies and energy policies in Turkey. Energy Sources, 23, 495–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, C. (2007). Scorcher: The dirty politics of climate change. Agenda: Black inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrington, L., & Foster, R. (1999) Australian residential building sector greenhouse gas emissions 19902010 appendices 1999 (Final Report). Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, J., Diamond, R., Iyer, M., Payne, C., Blumstein, C., & Siderius, H. (2008). Towards a sustainable energy balance: Progressive efficiency and the return of energy conservation. Energy Efficiency, 1, 175–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hastings, R., & Wall, M. (2007). Sustainable solar housingstrategies and solutions (Vol. 1). London: Earthscan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, L. (2005). Proposal for 5 star houses. RD 2004–02 to A The Executive Director, 12 May 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • HIA. (2004). Response to supplementary submission to Productivity Commission public enquiry into energy efficiency. Housing Industry Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horne, R., & Hayles, C. (2008). Towards global benchmarking for sustainable homes: An international comparison of the energy performance of housing. Springer Science and Business, 23, 119–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hui, S. (2003). Effective use of building energy simulation for enhancing building energy codes. Paper presented to Eighth International IBPSA Conference, Eindhoven, Netherlands, August 11–14, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • IEA. (2001a). Dealing with climate change: Policies and measures in IEA member countries. International Energy Agency.

    Google Scholar 

  • IEA. (2001b). Energy policies of IEA countries: Australia 2001 review. International Energy Agency.

    Google Scholar 

  • IPCC. (2001). Climate change 2001: The scientific basis.

    Google Scholar 

  • IPCC. (2007). Fourth assessment report: Climate change 2007 (AR4) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isaacs, N. (1999). Performance-based building energy efficiency code. Paper presented to Building Control Commission International Convention, Melbourne, Australia, 12–15 April, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iskra, B. (2004). Lightweight houses & the 5-star energy standard. October 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeeninga, H., & Kets, A. (2004). Evolution of energy policy in the Netherlands: Past, present and future. Building Research & Information, 32(1), 38–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson, D. & Bagge, H. (2009). Simulation energy use in multi-family dwellings with measured, non constant heat gains from household electricity. Paper presented to Building Simulation 2009, Eleventh International IBPSA Conference, Glasgow, Scotland, July 27–30, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalamees, T., Kurnitski, J., Vinha, J. & Korpi, M. (2008). Indoor climate conditions in lightweight detached houses in cold climate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kane, A., Fuller, R., & Treloar, G. (2006). Predicted impact of user behaviour on household energy savings. Paper presented to 40th Annual Conference of the Architectural Science Association ANZAScA, Adelaide.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kavgic, M., Mumovic, D., Davies, M., Stevnovic, Z., & Djurovic-Petrovic, M. (2009). A framework for comparative analysis of Belgrade housing stock—determinants of carbon reduction strategy. Building Simulation, 2009, 1075–1082.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J., & Moon, J. (2009). Impact of insulation on building energy consumption. Building Simulation, 2009, 674–680.

    Google Scholar 

  • Konstantinos, T., Papakostas, A., & Vlahakis, I. (2005). Optimisation of thermal protection in residential buildings using the variable base degree-days method. International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 24(1), 19–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kordjamshidi, M., & King, S. (2006). A comparative analysis of the simulated thermal performance of dwellings in moderate climate. Paper presented to IPBSA Australasia Conference 2006, Adelaide.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kordjamshidi, M., & King, S. (2009). Overcoming problems in house energy ratings in temperate climates: A proposed new rating framework. Energy and Building, 41(1), 125–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kordjamshidi, M., King, S., & Prasad, D. (2005). Towards the development of a home rating scheme for free running buildings. Paper presented to Solar 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostof, S. (1995). A history of architecture: Settings and rituals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambeck, K. (2008). Developing infrastructure for the low-carbon economy a submission to ‘Infrastructure Australia discussion paper 1: Australia’s future infrastructure requirements’. Australian Academy of Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lomas, K., Oreszcyn, T., Shipworth, D., Wright, A., & Summerfield, A. (2010). Carbon reduction in buildings (CaRB)—understanding the social and technical factors that influence energy use in UK homes. Leicester: De Montfort University, Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macdonald, I., Macfarlane, I., & Campbell, I. (2005). Proposed ‘five-star’ energy ratings seriously flawed.

    Google Scholar 

  • Major, J. (2006). Building design: Working out with the stars. http://www.solve.csiro.au/0206/article8.htm, 10 Feb 2006.

  • Marceau, J., Cook, N., Gerasimou, E., Xue, Q., & Dalton, B. (1999). The capacity of the building and construction product system to encourage and undertake energy efficient building design and construction. Australian Expert Group in Industry Studies (AEGIS), Sydney.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P. (2009). Home truth: Australia trumps US when it comes to McMansions. Sydney Morning Herald, Nov, 29th, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • MBA. (2008). Concern at push to make houses more energy efficient. Master Builders Association Tasmania Branch, ABC News, viewed 17/11/2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millis, A. (2006). The national framework for energy efficiencyprogress and achievements. Paper presented to BCSE Annual Conference 2006, 4/05/2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mithraratne, N., Vale, B., & Vale, R. (2007). Sustainable living: The role of whole life costs and values. Elsevier: Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, C., Head, D., Fisher, N., Caswell, T., Edwards, T., McInnes, R. et al. (2005). Reconsideration of ABCB’s decision to implement 5-star nationally from 1 May 2006 to P Laver, 23 Dec 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • NatHERS. (2007). Procedure for accrediting software under the nationwide house energy rating scheme, part Asoftware incorporating the Australian government endorsed calculation engine. NatHERS National Administrator.

    Google Scholar 

  • NatHERS. (2009a). HER Starbands. National House Energy Rating Scheme Administrator.

    Google Scholar 

  • NatHERS. (2009b). NatHERS star rating scale. Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme Administrator, viewed 29/07/2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • NIFES Consulting Group. (1993). The energy saver: The complete guide to energy efficiency. London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nolan, G. (2005). Occasional report 5 stars. Launceston: UTAS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nolan, G., & Dewsbury, M. (2007). Improving the thermal performance of light weight timber construction: A review of approaches and impediments relevant to six test building. Paper presented to 40th Annual Conference of the architectural Association ANZAScA, Geelong.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norton, T., & Williams, O. (1990). Climate change in Australia: Environmental, socio-economic and political considerations. Resource and Environment Studies (No. 3). Centre for Resource and Environment Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, B. (1990). Postponing greenhouse: Climate change—facts, issues and policies. O’Brien Brian. J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papamichael, K. (2000). Green building performance prediction/assessment. Building research & Information, 28(5/6), 394–402.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papanek, V. (1995). The Green Imperative: Natural design for the real world. New York: Thames and Hudson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, P., Rowlands, I., & Scott, D. (2003). Innovations to reduce residential energy use and carbon emissions: An integrated approach. Canadian Geographer, 47(2), 169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearman, G. (1987). Greenhouse: Planning for climate change. CSIRO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitt & Sherry. (2010). The pathway to 2020 for low-energy, low-carbon buildings in Australia: Indicative stringency study. Department of Climate Change & Energy Efficiency.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pittock, A. (2009). Climate change: The science, impacts and solutions. CSIRO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Productivity Commission. (2004). Inquiry into energy efficiency: transcript of proceedings, 24/11/2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Q-BEARS. (2009). Newsletter. September 25, 2009, from www.qbears.com.au/newsletter.html.

  • Rowell, T. (2006–2008). Personal discussions with the Tasmanian state government representative for the ABCB.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahlin, P., Eriksson, L., Grozman, P., Johnson, H., Shapovalov, A., & Vuolle, M. (2003). Will equation-based building simulation make it? experiences from the introduction of IDA indoor climate and energy. Paper presented to Eighth International IBPSA Conference, Eindhoven, Netherlands, August 11–14, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schellnuber, H., Cramer, W., Nakicenovic, N., Wigley, T., & Yohe, G. (2006). Avoiding dangerous climate change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • SEAV. (2004). Energy efficiency improvement in the residential sector. Sustainable Energy Authority of Victoria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seo, S., Tucker, S., Ambrose, M., Mitchell, P., & Wang, C. (2005). Technical evaluation of environmental assessment rating tools (PN05.1019). Forest and Wood Products Research and Development Corporation: Victoria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soebarto, V., & Williamson, T. (2001). Multi-criteria assessment of building performance: Theory and implementation. Building and Environment, 36(6), 681–690.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, J. (1997). Accuracy of home energy rating systems, Building Energy Analysis Group, Bldg 90-2000. Berkeley: Environment Energy Technology Division Lawrence Berkeley National Library.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stein, J., & Meier, A. (2000) Accuracy of home energy rating systems. Energy, 25(4), 339–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, N. (2006). Stern review: The economics of climate change.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoecklein, A., Pollard, A., & Bishop, S. (1998a). Energy end-use in New Zealand houses. Paper presented to ACEEE Summer Study, Asilomar, Monterey, CA, USA, August 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoecklein, A., Pollard, A., Isaacs, N., Bishop, S., & James, B. (1998b) Energy end-use and socio/demographic occupant characteristics of New Zealand households. Paper presented to IPENZ Conference, Auckland, NZ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tawa, M. (1988). Architecture and the greenhouse effect in South Australia. Paper presented to Greenhouse ‘88: Planning for Climate Change, Adelaide.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, H. (2010). Software glitch undermines green houses. The Australian, 27 July 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thwaites, T. (1995). Energy: Nationwide house energy solutions. Building Innovation, 4, 20–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, S., Newton, P., Delsante, A., Ambrose, D., Johnston, S., Allen, B. et al. (2002). AGO-CSIRO greenhouse efficient design. CSIRO.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNEP. (2010). United Nations Environment Program, viewed 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • US EPA. (2010). 2010 Draft U.S. greenhouse gas inventory.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vale, B., & Vale, R. (1991). Green architecture: Design for a sustainable future. London: Thames and Hudson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, P. (1988). Australian energy policy and the greenhouse effect. Paper presented to Greenhouse ‘88: Planning for Climate change, Adelaide.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, R., Albritton, D., Barker, T., Bashmakov, I., Canziani, O., Christ, R., et al. (2001). Climate change 2001: Synthesis report (summary for policymakers). An assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, R. (2004). Managing and interpreting uncertainty for climate change risk. Building research & Information, 32(5), 438–448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkenfield, G., Hamilton, C., & Saddler, H. (1995) Australia’s greenhouse strategy: Can the future be rescued? (Discussion Paper No. 3), The Australian Institute: Canberra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, T. (2004). Submission to the productivity commission public enquiry into energy efficiency—energy-efficiency standards in residential buildings: A plea for evidence-based policy making. Adelaide: School of ArchitectureThe University of Adelaide, Landscape Architecture & Urban Design.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, T., & Beauchamp, B. (2005). Insulation solutions to enhance the thermal resistance of suspended timber floor systems in Australia (PN05.1014). Forest and Wood Product Research and Development Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, T., Coldicutt, S., Bennetts, H., & Rees, J. (1995). Energy efficient design: Theory and the real world. Adelaide: Department of architecture.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, T., & Delsante, A. (2006). Investigation of a model for the ventilation of suspended floors, Paper presented to 40th Annual Conference of the Architectural Science Association ANZAScA, Adelaide.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, T., Plaves, Y., & Hart, R. (2007). An evaluation of the nationwide house energy rating scheme (NatHERS), Paper presented to Towards solutions for a liveable future: Progress, practice, performance, people: Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Architectural Science Association ANZAScA, Geelong, Australia, November 14–16 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willrath. (1998). Comparison of the thermal performance of free running and conditioned houses in the Brisbane climate. Paper presented to The 32nd Australian & New Zealand Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA) Conference.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mark Andrew Dewsbury .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dewsbury, M.A. (2015). Background to Australian House Energy Rating. In: The Empirical Validation of House Energy Rating (HER) Software for Lightweight Housing in Cool Temperate Climates. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14337-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14337-8_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-14336-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-14337-8

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics