Abstract
Culture has become a symbol of freedom, cooperation and autonomy in this new century. Yet it is also associated with fundamentalism, sexism, ethnicism and many other divisive trends that cause cultural and religious clashes.
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Notes
- 1.
I use ‘worlding’ for ‘mondialisation’, in the sense proposed by Philip Descola, that is, as a broader concept that takes account of the way different societies have conceived humans and their place in the natural environment.
- 2.
My involvement began after I had been Director of the National Museum of Popular Cultures in Mexico (1985–1988) and then, as Assistant Director-General for Culture at UNESCO, and later on as an advisor, helped to create an international convention on intangible cultural heritage.
- 3.
“¿A quién le toca escribir la historia? ¿Qué vamos a escribir en esa historia? ¿Qué vamos a poner que valga la pena y que sirva de guía a las futuras generaciones? ¿Qué? A mi me prepararon mis abuelos y me dejaron muchas cosas para enseñar. Aquí está este conocimiento. Un pueblo que no sabe de dónde viene, no puede reconocer hacia dónde va. Es así de simple”.
- 4.
A first step in analysing these connections is proposed in Arizpe (2013: 17–37).
- 5.
As a member of the Board of Trustees of the Library of Alexandria, I participated in many initiatives on cultural dialogue and research launched by the Library.
- 6.
I was especially worried about Mexico. By 2012, after two neoconservative governments, Mexico had low indicators in economic growth and education, and one of the highest levels of growth of economic inequality, unemployment, feminicides (women murdered by husbands or male kin), poverty, and criminality; and more than 100,000 deaths due to the ‘war on drug dealers’.
- 7.
I first proposed this term in 1998 in a meeting on ‘Civil Society’ at the OECD Development Centre in Paris.
- 8.
The complete study was published the following year in Spanish (Arizpe 1989). It won the ‘Fray Bernardino de Sahagún’ award of the National Institute of Anthropology and History in 1990 for the best PhD thesis.
- 9.
At that time in a town very near Zamora, Marcial Maciel, recently condemned by the Vatican for child sexual abuse and corruption, was expanding the school for young boys of the Legionnaires of Christ.
References
Arizpe, Lourdes, 1989: Cultura y desarrollo: una etnografía de las creencias de una comunidad mexicana (Mexico City: El Colegio de México–UNAM–Miguel Ángel Porrúa).
Arizpe, Lourdes, 1994: “Introducción. Chiapas: Los problemas de fondo”, in: Moctezuma Navarro, David (Coord.): Chiapas: los problemas de fondo (Mexico City: CRIM-UNAM): 19–32.
Arizpe, Lourdes, 2013: “Singularity and Micro-regional Strategies in Intangible Cultural Heritage”, in: Arizpe, Lourdes; Amescua, Cristina (Eds.), 2013: Anthropological Perspectives on Intangible Cultural Heritage (Heildelberg: Springer): 17–37.
Arizpe, Lourdes, 2014a: “On the Cultural and Social Sustainability of World Development”, in: Arizpe, Lourdes (Ed.): Lourdes Arizpe: A Mexican Pioneer in Anthropology. Springer Briefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice, 10 (Heidelberg: Springer): 31–42.
Arizpe, Lourdes, 2014b: Lourdes Arizpe: A Mexican Pioneer in Anthropology. Springer Briefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice, 10 (Heidelberg: Springer).
Arizpe, Lourdes, 2014c: Migration, Women and Social Development: Key Issues. Springer Briefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice, 11 (Heidelberg: Springer).
Arizpe, Lourdes; Paz, Fernanda; Velázquez, Margarita, 1996: The Social Perception of Deforestation in the Lacandona Forest (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press).
United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 1996: Our Creative Diversity. Report of the World Commission on Culture and Development (Paris: UNESCO).
United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2000: World Report. Cultural Diversity, Conflict and Pluralism (Paris: UNESCO): 24–46.
Wolfensohn, James D.; Dini, Lamberto; Facco-Bonetti, Gianfranco; Johnson, Ian; Martin-Brown, Joan, 2000: Culture Counts: Financing, Resources, and the Economics of Culture in Sustainable Development (Washington: World Bank).
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Arizpe, L. (2015). Introduction: Culture, Diversity and Heritage. In: Culture, Diversity and Heritage: Major Studies. SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice(), vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13811-4_1
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