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The Role of Inflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

  • Chapter
Immunology and Psychiatry

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Neurotoxicity ((Current Topics Neurotoxicity,volume 8))

Abstract

The pathogenetic mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are only partly understood. There is no doubt that ‘immunosenescence’, the aging of the (healthy) immune system, leads to impaired immune function and that aging is the main risk factor for AD. Also beyond doubt is that neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of the disease. However, whether inflammation is an underlying cause or a resulting condition in AD remains unresolved. At higher ages, communication in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) immune systems, including both the initiation of the immune process and the downregulation of inflammation, is impaired; this impaired communication might be one of the main factors contributing to the immune pathology of AD. The innate and adaptive immune systems (T and B cells) have been shown to be upregulated in aging and AD. Mounting evidence indicates that microglia activation contributes to neuronal damage in neurodegenerative diseases, but beneficial aspects of microglia activation have also been identified. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight new insights into the detrimental and beneficial role of neuroinflammation in AD. In this regard, we discuss the limitations and advantages of the protective effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and anti-inflammatory treatment options and identify possible future implications for AD therapy that might result from this underlying neuroinflammation. A further focus is put on treatment with cyclo-oxygenase-1 and -2 (COX-1, COX-2) inhibitors and anti-Aβ antibodies.

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Acknowledgement

Part of this review has been published before (Reinisch et al. 2014).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany

    Norbert Müller, Daniela L. Krause, Elif Weidinger & Veronika M. Reinisch

  2. Institut fuer Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen, Germany

    Markus J. Schwarz

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  1. Norbert Müller
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  2. Daniela L. Krause
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  4. Elif Weidinger
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  5. Veronika M. Reinisch
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Correspondence to Norbert Müller .

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  1. University Clinic, Campus Innenstadt Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany

    Norbert Müller

  2. University Clinic, Campus Innenstadt PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Group, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany

    Aye-Mu Myint

  3. Institute fuer Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen, Muenchen, Germany

    Markus J. Schwarz

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Müller, N., Krause, D.L., Schwarz, M.J., Weidinger, E., Reinisch, V.M. (2015). The Role of Inflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease. In: Müller, N., Myint, AM., Schwarz, M. (eds) Immunology and Psychiatry. Current Topics in Neurotoxicity, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13602-8_15

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