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Rhizosphere Microflora in Advocacy of Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants

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Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Medicinal Plants

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 42))

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Abstract

Heavy metals (HMs) when present in high concentrations are toxic to most plants. Excessive HM uptake by plants results in reduced growth since HMs disrupt cell plasma membrane, disintegrate cell organelles, and inhibit certain physiological and biochemical processes. HMs alter enzyme activity, denature proteins, and suppress protein synthesis. Exposure of plants to certain HM ions under toxic concentrations disrupts the equilibrium of free radical metabolism resulting in oxidative stress in plants. Rhizosphere microbial population helps plants in mitigating HM stress. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) confer HM tolerance in plants. Also, these organisms help in phytoremediation of HM-contaminated sites by enhancing bioaccumulation and consequent sequestration of HMs in certain plants. High levels of HM may suppress or stimulate production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. HM-induced oxidative stress may result in altered titer and nature of plant secondary metabolites. The perspective role of the rhizosphere microflora in secondary metabolite production in HM stress-affected medicinal plants has not been studied yet. Pertinent features regarding the utilization of this strategy to enhance the bioactive compound production from plants growing in HM-contaminated sites have been discussed with emphasis on their safe use. The chapter also casts some light on the prospects of using AMF and PGPR in enhancing HM tolerance in plants, with special reference to medicinal ones.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India

    Shivangi Upadhyay & Rupam Kapoor

  2. Department of Botany, Hans Raj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India

    Monika Koul

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  1. Shivangi Upadhyay
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  2. Monika Koul
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  3. Rupam Kapoor
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Correspondence to Rupam Kapoor .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Soil Science, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

    Dilfuza Egamberdieva

  2. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology (AIMT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Smriti Shrivastava

  3. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology (AIMT), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Upadhyay, S., Koul, M., Kapoor, R. (2015). Rhizosphere Microflora in Advocacy of Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants. In: Egamberdieva, D., Shrivastava, S., Varma, A. (eds) Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Medicinal Plants. Soil Biology, vol 42. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13401-7_16

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