Abstract
Emotion modeling has been an active area of research for almost two decades now. Yet in spite of the growing and diverse body of work, designing and developing emotion models remains an art, with few standards and systematic guidelines available to guide the design process, and to validate the resulting models. In this introduction I first summarize some of the existing work attempting to establish more systematic approaches to affective modeling, and highlight the specific contributions to this effort discussed in the papers in this volume. I then propose an analytical computational framework that delineates the core affective processes, emotion generation and emotion effects, and defines the abstract computational tasks necessary to implement these. This framework provides both a common vocabulary for describing the computational requirements for affective modeling, and proposes the building blocks necessary for implementing emotion models. As such, it can serve both as a foundation for developing more systematic guidelines for model design, and as a basis for developing modeling tools. I conclude with a summary and a discussion of some open questions and challenges.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Broekens, J., De Groot, D., Kosters, W.A.: Formal models of appraisal: theory, specification, and computational model. Cogn. Syst. Res. 9(3), 173–197 (2008)
Cañamero, L.D.: Building emotional artifacts in social worlds: challenges and perspectives. In: AAAI Fall Symposium “Emotional and Intelligent II: The Tangled Knot of Social Cognition”. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2001)
Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V.: Facial Action Coding System. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto (1978)
Ekman, P.: An argument for basic emotions. Cogn. Emot. 6(3–4), 169–200 (1992)
Feldman-Barrett, L.: Are emotions natural kinds? Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 1(1), 28–58 (2006)
Hudlicka, E.: What are we modeling when we model emotion? In: AAAI Spring Symposium: Emotion, Personality, and Social Behavior (Technical Report SS-08-04, pp. 52–59). Stanford University. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2008a)
Hudlicka, E.: Guidelines for developing computational models of emotions. Int. J. Synth. Emot. 2(1), 26–79 (2011)
Hudlicka, E.: Computational analytical framework for affective modeling: towards guidelines for designing computational models of emotions. In: Vallverdú, J. (ed.) Synthesizing Human Emotion in Intelligent Systems and Robotics. IGI Global (2014) (in press)
Izard, C.E.: Four systems for emotion activation: cognitive and noncognitive processes. Psychol. Rev. 100(1), 68–90 (1993)
Leventhal, H., Scherer, K.R.: The relationship of emotion to cognition. Cogn. Emot. 1, 3–28 (1987)
Marr, D.: Vision. Freeman, San Francisco (1982)
McClamrock, R.: Marr’s three levels: a re-evaluation. Mind. Mach. 1(2), 185–196 (1991)
Mehrabian, A.: Framework for a comprehensive description and measurement of emotional states. Genet. Soc. Gen. Psychol. Monogr. 121, 339–361 (1995)
Ortony, A., Clore, G.L., Collins, A.: The Cognitive Structure of Emotions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1988)
Ortony, A., Norman, D., Revelle, W.: Affect and proto-affect in effective functioning. In: Fellous, J.M., Arbib, M.A. (eds.) Who Needs Emotions? Oxford University Press, New York (2005)
Panskepp, J.: Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions. Oxford University Press, New York (1998)
Picard, R.: Affective Computing. MIT Press, Cambridge (1997)
Pylyshyn, Z.: Computation and Cognition. MIT Press, Cambridge (1984)
Rao, A.S., Georgeff, M.P.: Decision procedures for BDI logics. J. Logic Comput. 8(3), 293–342 (1998)
Reilly, W.S.N.: Modeling what happens between emotional antecedents and emotional consequents. Paper Presented at the ACE 2006, Vienna, Austria (2006)
Reisenzein, R.: Appraisal processes conceptualized from a schema-theoretic perspective: contributions to a process analysis of emotions. In: Scherer, K.R., Schorr, A., Johnstone, T. (eds.) Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, methods, research. Oxford University Press, New York (2001)
Reisenzein, R., Hudlicka, E., Dastani, M., Gratch, J., Hindriks, K.V., Lorini, E., Meyer, J.-J.Ch.: Computational modeling of emotion: toward improving the inter- and intradisciplinary exchange. IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput. 4(3), 246–266 (2013)
Russell, J.: Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychol. Rev. 110(1), 145–172 (2003)
Russell, J., Barrett, L.F.: Core affect, prototypical emotional episodes, and other things called emotion: dissecting the elephant. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 76(5), 805–819 (1999)
Russell, J., Mehrabian, A.: Evidence for a three-factor theory of emotions. J. Res. Pers. 11, 273–294 (1977)
Scherer, K.R.: Appraisal considered as a process of multilevel sequential checking. In: Scherer, K.R., Schorr, A., Johnstone, T. (eds.) Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Research. Oxford University Press, New York (2001)
Schröder, M., Baggia, P., Burkhardt, F., Pelachaud, C., Peter, C., Zovato, E.: EmotionML – an upcoming standard for representing emotions and related states. In: D’Mello, S., Graesser, A., Schuller, B., Martin, J.-C. (eds.) ACII 2011, Part I. LNCS, vol. 6974, pp. 316–325. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Sloman, A.: How many separately evolved emotional beasties live within us. In: Trappl, R., Petta, P., Payr, S. (eds.) Emotions in Humans and Artifacts? The MIT Press, Cambridge (2003)
Sloman, A., Chrisley, R., Scheutz, M.: The Architectural Basis of Affective States and Processes. In: Fellous, J.-M., Arbib, M.A. (eds.) Who Needs Emotions?. Oxford University Press, New York (2005)
Steunebrink, B.R., Dastani, M., Meyer, J.-J. Ch.: The OCC Model Revisited. In: Reichardt, D. (ed.) Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Emotion and Computing - Current Research and Future Impact, Paderborn, Germany (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hudlicka, E. (2014). From Habits to Standards: Towards Systematic Design of Emotion Models and Affective Architectures. In: Bosse, T., Broekens, J., Dias, J., van der Zwaan, J. (eds) Emotion Modeling. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 8750. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12973-0_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12973-0_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-12972-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-12973-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)