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The First European Colonization of the North Atlantic

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Historical Archaeologies of Capitalism

Part of the book series: Contributions To Global Historical Archaeology ((CGHA))

Abstract

Many centuries before Columbus, the Norse peoples of Scandinavia colonized parts of Western Europe as well as the Northern Atlantic islands: the Shetlands, the Orkneys, the Faroes, Iceland, Greenland, and for at least a few years, Newfoundland. This was part of a larger process whose eastern half effected what today is Russia and was at least in part a response to wider Eurasian phenomenon. This chapter will concentrate on the North Atlantic portion of this story with an emphasis on how the archaeology of the settlement period (c. 800–1000 CE), the medieval period (c. 1000–1500 CE), and the postmedieval period (c. 1500–1800) has altered older narratives that sought to explain this early medieval colonial effort as well as created new narratives. A number of key sites in each of the North Atlantic will be discussed and put into a larger archaeological and historical context. In terms of the content of this volume, this chapter will present an earlier colonial phenomenon that was driven by many of the same variables that affected the post-Columbian Americas such as the commodification of natural resources and long-range trade, elite sponsored colonization, and the maintenance of power in the face of novel and unfamiliar conditions. In conclusion, the chapter will discuss the archaeology of the influence of the post-Columbian world on these medieval North Atlantic colonies.

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Acknowledgments

This research was made possible by generous grants from the National Geographic Society, RANNIS, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the UK Leverhulme Trust, the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, the Leifur Eiriksson Fellowship Program, the American Scandinavian Foundation, the US National Science Foundation (grants 0732327, 1140106, 1119354, 1203823, 1203268, & 1202692), and the University of Iceland Research Fund. We would also like to send our warmest thanks to our host communities in Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroes who have supported this work and partnered in the investigation of their own rich heritage as a source for education for sustainability.

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  1. Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    George Hambrecht

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  1. University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

    Mark P. Leone

  2. Washington, District of Columbia, USA

    Jocelyn E. Knauf

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Hambrecht, G. (2015). The First European Colonization of the North Atlantic. In: Leone, M., Knauf, J. (eds) Historical Archaeologies of Capitalism. Contributions To Global Historical Archaeology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12760-6_9

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