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The Roots of Narcissus: Old and New Models of the Evolution of Narcissism

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Evolutionary Perspectives on Social Psychology

Part of the book series: Evolutionary Psychology ((EVOLPSYCH))

Abstract

The construct of narcissism encompasses attributes such as arrogance, assertiveness, a sense of authority, entitlement, exhibitionism, exploitativeness, forcefulness, self-absorption, social potency, and vanity. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the evolutionary origins of this multifaceted trait. We posit: (1) Narcissism is rooted in physical characteristics that, in turn, shape one’s psychological development; (2) narcissism is shaped by complex gene × environment interactions; and (3) narcissism is related to numerous genes with very small effects that have been subjected to selection pressures over the course of human evolutionary history. Building on this third explanation, we propose a model for the evolutionary origins of narcissism. Namely, narcissism manifests as a result of selection for attributes that promote short-term mating and dominance—facilitating reproduction and survival.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Joy Losee and Bradley R. Sturz as well as the editors—Todd Shackelford, Lisa Welling, and Virgil Zeigler-Hill—for their insightful comments on previous drafts of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8041, 30460-8041, Statesboro, GA, USA

    Nicholas S. Holtzman Ph.D.

  2. Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    M. Brent Donnellan Ph.D.

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  1. Nicholas S. Holtzman Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Nicholas S. Holtzman Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA

    Virgil Zeigler-Hill

  2. Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA

    Lisa L. M. Welling

  3. Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA

    Todd K. Shackelford

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Holtzman, N., Donnellan, M. (2015). The Roots of Narcissus: Old and New Models of the Evolution of Narcissism. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Welling, L., Shackelford, T. (eds) Evolutionary Perspectives on Social Psychology. Evolutionary Psychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12697-5_36

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