Abstract
The functional relationship between scattering gamma-radiation and the density of a medium is the basis of this discussed method. The chief parameters that govern the practical usefulness of a given method, namely, its sensitivity to density changes and its resolution in depth are considered. These parameters depend on the probe length (axial distance between the source and the detector) and the gamma-ray energy. There are three different types of gamma-ray density gauges: surface-type probe, well-logging probe and a probe on the rod inserting directly into the soil. The principal difference between the various types is in the design of the measuring probe. A number of designs for surface-type probes are available. Mass-produced logging equipment has been widely used by geophysicists for density measurements in wells. At a relatively small depth (up to 25 m) the density can be conveniently determined by inserting a rod probe directly into the ground. Technological aspects of measurement and calibration are discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bulatov BL, Leypunskiy OI (1959) Gamma-ray albedo and buildup factor on reflection. At Energy 7:21–25
Dubinchuk VT (1966) Maximum working depth in studies of ground density by the gamma-gamma method. In: Proc. 10th Conference of Junior Scientists and Engineers at VSEGINGEO, Moscow, pp 24–29
Dyad’kin IG (1955) On the theory of gamma-gamma logging of wells. Izv AN SSSR Ser Geofiz 4:323–331
Emelyanov VA (1962) Gamma rays and neutrons in field soil-melioration studies. Atomizdat, Moscow
Ferronsky VI (1958) Methods of determination the density and moisture content of grounds. In: Mechanized compaction of grounds in construction practice. Gosstroyizdat, Moscow, pp 33–39
Ferronsky VI, Danilin AI, Dubinchuk VT et al (1968) Radioactive investigative methods in engineering geology and hydrogeology. Atomizdat, Moscow
Filippov EM (1962) Applied nuclear geophysics. USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House, Moscow
Filippov EM, Kuznetsov GA (1959) Determination of the density of rocks and ores, in exposures and excavations, using gamma-ray scattering. Razvedka i Okhrana Nedr 9:11–17
Korablev ЛН (1956) A portable radiometric device BK-3. Device Instrum Exp 3:18–21
Makarov RA, Basin YaN (1961) Radioisotope methods of measurement in the construction industry. NIIOMTP, TsBTI, Moscow
Ochkur AP (1957) Density logging. In: Problems in Mining Geophysics. Gosgeoltekhizdat, Moscow, pp 62–68
Verbovenko IG, Fakidov IG (1958) Discussion on gamma-gamma logging. At Energy 4:12–17
Volarovich MP, Churayev NV (1960) Investigation of peat using radioactive isotopes. USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House, Moscow
Voskoboynikov GM (1957) Theoretical foundations of selective gamma-gamma logging. Izn AN SSSR Ser Geofiz 3:351–362
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ferronsky, V. (2015). The Gamma-Ray Back-Scattering Method. In: Nuclear Geophysics. Springer Geophysics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12451-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12451-3_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-12450-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-12451-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)