Abstract
Participation among stakeholders and tiered institutions in a collaborative policymaking process is essential to IWRM’s stated goals of securing water for people in a manner that reconciles economic efficiency, social equity, and environmental sustainability. Using the energy-water nexus and case examples from Tajikistan and Mexico, we define a mechanism by showing that poorly articulated multitiered institutional arrangements coupled with failure to generate truly participatory interaction of stakeholders lead to water insecurity. In the case examples, we found that the livelihoods of vulnerable populations are threatened when users experience water insecurity that is created or exacerbated when tiered institutions neglect users’ signals by failure to respond with actions that promote sound resource management or mitigate livelihood threats. Water and livelihood security would be improved by adaptive actions targeted at user-defined causes of water insecurity and coordination between local resource users and institutions at multiple levels. Our results are a diagnostic tool that can be used to identify one cause that, among a possible multitude, contributes to water insecurity. Institutions and decision-making among stakeholders will be an explicit component of the human capacity to respond with programs, policies, and actions able to deal with the dual pressure on water resources posed by climate change and heightened demand while reconciling economic efficiency, social equity, and environmental sustainability. Institutions that operate at the intersection of local users and state and non-state actors have the greatest chance of inducing IWRM solutions if the tiered nature of linkages is expressly accounted for and used to adaptive advantage.
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Notes
- 1.
All Water User Associations that were surveyed in the Khatlon province were created by Winrock International/USAID’s Water Users Association Support Program and Family Farming Program between 2005 and 2011.
- 2.
The surface water users’ association is formally known as the Rayón ejido. An ejido is a system of communal agricultural property rights unique to Mexico and given to a group of people (typically landless farmers) by the Mexican government. The system was created by the Constitution of 1917 and eliminated as a constitutional right in 1991.
- 3.
These federally appointed officials are officially termed Juez de Campo or “Field Judge.”
- 4.
Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries, and Food is a unit of Mexico’s Federal Executive branch.
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Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation (NSF); Coupled Natural-Human Systems grant DEB-1010495; the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research grant SGP-CRA #005 (supported by NSF grant GEO-1138881); the Fulbright Program and Mercy Corps Tajikistan, especially John Ross; the Tinker Foundation; the National Science Foundation’s Pan-American Advanced Studies Institute on Adaptive Energy-Water Management in the Americas (NSF grant OISE-1242209); and the University of Arizona’s Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, for making this research possible. Special thanks to Dr. Shimelis Setegn, Dr. Alan Navarro, Katherine Curl, and Lily House-Peters.
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Lee, R.H., Herwehe, L., Scott, C.A. (2015). Integrating Local Users and Multitiered Institutions into the IWRM Process. In: Setegn, S., Donoso, M. (eds) Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12194-9_20
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12194-9_20
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