Abstract
The overhead of Byzantine fault tolerant (BFT) storage is a primary concern that prevents its adoption in practice. The cost stems from the need to maintain at least 3t + 1 copies of the data at different storage replicas in the asynchronous model, so that t Byzantine replica faults can be tolerated. This paper presents MDStore, the first fully asynchronous BFT storage protocol that reduces the number of replicas that store the payload data to as few as 2t + 1 and maintains metadata at 3t + 1 replicas on (possibly) different servers. At the heart of MDStore lies a metadata service built upon a new abstraction called “timestamped storage.” Timestamped storage allows for conditional writes (facilitating the implementation of the metadata service) and has consensus number one (making it implementable with wait-free semantics in an asynchronous system despite faults). In addition to its low replication overhead, MDStore offers strong guarantees by emulating a multi-writer multi-reader atomic register, providing wait-free termination, and tolerating any number of Byzantine readers and crash-faulty writers.
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Cachin, C., Dobre, D., Vukolić, M. (2014). Separating Data and Control: Asynchronous BFT Storage with 2t + 1 Data Replicas. In: Felber, P., Garg, V. (eds) Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems. SSS 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8756. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11764-5_1
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