Abstract
The rat is a mammal and belongs to the order of Rodentia that encompasses several species, two of which are the ubiquitous brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) and the black rat (Rattus rattus). The rat that is employed in scientific research worldwide belongs to an albino variety called Rattus norvegicus albinus and is characterized by the complete absence of the pigment melamine in its fur and iris.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alexander G. Cold thermogenesis. Int Rev Physiol. 1979;20:43–155.
Andersen ML, Valle AC, Timo-Iaria C, Tufik S. Registro de Potenciais. In: Implantação de elétrodos para o estudo eletrofisiológico do ciclo vigília-sono do rato. São Paulo: Universidade Federal de São Paulo; 2001. p. 35–59.
Andersen ML, Bignotto M, Machado RB, Tufik S. Does sleep deprivation and cocaine induce penile erection and ejaculation in old rats? Addict Biol. 2002;7:285–90.
Andersen ML, Bignotto M, Machado RB, Tufik S. Effects of chronic stress on steroid hormones secretion in male rats. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2004a;37:791–7.
Andersen ML, Bignotto M, Tufik S. Hormone treatment facilitates penile erection in castrated rats after sleep deprivation and cocaine. J Neuroendocrinol. 2004b;16:154–9.
Andersen ML, Martins PJF, D’Almeida V, Santos RF, Bignotto M, Tufik S. Effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation on blood parameters associated with cardiovascular risk in aged rats. Exp Gerontol. 2004c;39:817–24.
Andersen ML, Martins PJ, D’Almeida V, Bignotto M, Tufik S. Endocrinological and catecholaminergic alterations during sleep deprivation and recovery in male rats. J Sleep Res. 2005;14:83–90.
Andrade A. Animais de Laboratório: criação e experimentação. Organizado por Antenor Andrade, Sergio Correia Pinto e Rosilene Santos de Oliveira, Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz; 2002. p. 387.
Baker DEJ. Reproduction and breeding. In: Baker HJ, Lindsey JR, Weishbroth SH, editors. The laboratory rat. Biology and diseases. New York: Academic; 1979. p. 154–68.
Barnett SA. The rat: a study in behavior. Chicago: Aldine Publications; 1964.
Bertholet JY. Mating method to produce accurate timed pregnancies in rats. Lab Anim Sci. 1981;31:180–2.
Black WD, Claxton MJ. A simple, reliable and inexpensive method for the collection of rat urine. Lab Anim Sci. 1979;29:253–4.
Breazile JE, Kitchell RL. Euthanasia for laboratory animals. Fed Proc. 1969;28:1577–9.
Cameron TP, Lattuada CP, Kornreich MR, Tarone RE. Longevity and reproductive comparisons for male ACI and Sprague-Dawley rat aging colonies. Lab Anim Sci. 1982;32:495–9.
Canadian Council on Animal Care. Guide to the care and use of experimental animals. Ottawa: Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC); 1984. p. 120.
Cardy RH, Warner JW. Effect of sequential bleeding on body weight gain in rats. Lab Anim Sci. 1979;29:179–81.
Chiasson RB. Laboratory anatomy of the white rat. New York: WCB McGraw-Hill; 1994.
D’Almeida V, Lobo LL, Hipolide DC, De Oliveira AC, Nobrega JN, Tufik S. Sleep deprivation induces brain region-specific decreases in glutathione levels. Neuroreport. 1998;9:2853–6.
Davis DR, Yeary RA. Impaired fertility in the jaundiced female (Gunn) rat. Lab Anim Sci. 1979;29:739–43.
De Oliveira AC, D’Almeida V, Hipolide DC, Nobrega JN, Tufik S. Sleep deprivation reduces total plasma homocysteine levels in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2002;80:193–7.
De-Luca RR, Alexandre SR, Marques T, Souza NL, Merusse JL, Neves SP. Manual para técnicos em bioterismo. 2nd ed. São Paulo: Winner Graph; 1996. p. 259.
Dym M, Clermont Y. Role of spermatogonia in the repair of the seminiferous epithelium following X-irradiation of the rat testis. Am J Anat. 1970;128:265–82.
Ehrensreund D. Use of rodents in behavioral research. In: Gay WI, editor. Methods of animal experimentation. New York: Academic; 1968. p. 1–25.
Gartner K, Buttner D, Dohler K, Friedel R, Lindena J, Trautschold I. Stress response of rats to handling and experimental procedures. Lab Anim. 1980;14:267–74.
Harkness JE, Wagner JE. The biology and medicine of rabbits and rodents. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1983.
Hughes HD. Euthanasia of laboratory animals. In: Melby Jr EC, Altman NH, editors. Handbook of laboratory animal science. Cleveland: CRC; 1976. p. 3.
Jaenisch R. Transgenic animals. Science. 1988;240:1468–74.
Kim SU. Brain hypoxia studied in mouse central nervous system cultures I. Sequential cellular changes. Lab Invest. 1975;33:658–69.
Krinke GJ, ed. The laboratory rat. San Diego: Academic; 2000. 634p.
Lane-Petter W. The laboratory animal: principles and practice. New York: Academic; 1971.
Levine S. Primary social relationships influence the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the rat. Physiol Behav. 2001;73:255–60.
Lindsey JR. Historical foundations. In: Baker HJ, Lindsey JR, Weisbroth SH, editors. The laboratory rat. Biology and diseases. New York: Academic; 1979. p. 2–36.
Mazaro R, Lamano-Carvalho TL. Prolonged deleterious effects of neonatal handling on reproductive parameters of pubertal male rats. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2006;18:497–500.
Morse I, Herbert C. The laboratory mouse. A historical perspective. In: Foster HL, Small D, Fox J, editors. The mouse in biomedical research. History, genetics and wild mice. New York: Academy; 1981. p. 1–17.
Palma BD, Gabriel Jr A, Bignotto M, Tufik S. Paradoxical sleep deprivation increases plasma endothelin levels. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2002;35:75–9.
Pesquero JB. Animais transgênicos. Biotechnol Cien e Desenvol. 2002;27:52–6.
Randall D, Burgeren WW, Eckert R, French K. Animal physiology: mechanisms and adaptations. 5th ed. New York: WH Freeman; 2002.
Roizenblatt S, Andersen ML, Bignotto M, Smith AK, Tufik S. The impact of arthritics offspring on the lactating dam’s behaviour, pain threshold and sleep. J Sleep Res. 2002;11:195–6.
Roizenblatt S, Andersen ML, Bignotto M, D’Almeida V, Martins PJ, Tufik S. Neonatal arthritis disturbs sleep and behaviour of adult rat offspring and their dams. Eur J Pain. 2010;14:985–91
Sharpe RM, Morris A, Wyatt AC. The effect of the sex of littermates on the subsequent behaviour and breeding performance of cross-fostered rats. Lab Anim. 1973;7:51–9.
Suter P, Luetkemeier H, Zakova N. Lifespan studies on male and female mice and rats under SPF-laboratory conditions. Arch Toxicol Suppl. 1979;2:403–7.
Windhager EE. Micropuncture techniques and nephron function. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts; 1968.
Wingerd BD. Rat dissection manual. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 1988. p. 68.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Andersen, M.L., e Costa, R.M., e Costa, M.F.O. (2016). Rats. In: Andersen, M., Tufik, S. (eds) Rodent Model as Tools in Ethical Biomedical Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11578-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11578-8_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-11577-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-11578-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)