Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Cellular Therapy for Stroke and CNS Injuries pp 33–46Cite as

The Role of Endogenous Neural Stem Cells in Stroke

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 944 Accesses

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research ((SSTSR))

Abstract

Stroke is the 4th leading cause of death and the leading cause of severe long-term disability worldwide, with no effective treatment for most cases. The development of new effective therapies is needed to improve functional neurological recovery in stroke patients. Researches in experimental stroke in animal models over the past decade demonstrate that ischemic stroke enhances endogenous neural stem cells proliferation in SVZ and SGZ and promotes SVZ NSCs migration to the ischemic infarct site, differentiation into functional mature neurons. Ischemic injury triggers endogenous neural stem cell proliferation by a variety of growth factors, morphogens and neurotransmitters. Neuroblast migration occurs through SDF-1, MCP-1, MMP production and through association with vasculature and endothelial cells. These promising findings in stroke have brought hope to the development of neurorestorative therapy which aims to enhance endogenous neurogenesis after ischemic stroke and thereby contribute to the functional recovery.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

DG:

Dentate gyrus

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

EPO:

Erythropoietin

FGF-2:

Fibroblast growth factor-2

GABA:

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

GFAP:

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

IGF-1:

Insulin-like growth factor-1

MCP-1:

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

NMDA:

N-Methyl-D-aspartate

NPC:

Neural progenitor cells

NSCs:

Neural stem cells

rt-PA:

Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator

SVZ:

Subventricular zone

SGZ:

Subgranular zone

SDF:

Stromal cell-derived factor

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

References

  • Androutsellis-Theotokis A, Leker RR, Soldner F, Hoeppner DJ, Ravin R, Poser SW, Rueger MA, Bae SK, Kittappa R, McKay RD (2006) Notch signalling regulates stem cell numbers in vitro and in vivo. Nature 442:823–826

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andsberg G, Kokaia Z, Klein RL, Muzyczka N, Lindvall O, Mandel RJ (2002) Neuropathological and behavioral consequences of adeno-associated viral vector-mediated continuous intrastriatal neurotrophin delivery in a focal ischemia model in rats. Neurobiol Dis 9:187–204

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Angot E, Loulier K, Nguyen-Ba-Charvet KT, Gadeau AP, Ruat M, Traiffort E (2008) Chemoattractive activity of sonic hedgehog in the adult subventricular zone modulates the number of neural precursors reaching the olfactory bulb. Stem Cells 26:2311–2320

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arai S, Kinouchi H, Akabane A, Owada Y, Kamii H, Kawase M, Yoshimoto T (1996) Induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the receptor trk B mRNA following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat. Neurosci Lett 211:57–60

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arvidsson A, Collin T, Kirik D, Kokaia Z, Lindvall O (2002) Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke. Nat Med 8:963–970

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balordi F, Fishell G (2007) Hedgehog signaling in the subventricular zone is required for both the maintenance of stem cells and the migration of newborn neurons. J Neurosci 27:5936–5947

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barkho BZ, Munoz AE, Li X, Li L, Cunningham LA, Zhao X (2008) Endogenous matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-9 promote the differentiation and migration of adult neural progenitor cells in response to chemokines. Stem Cells 26:3139–3149

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bernabeu R, Sharp FR (2000) NMDA and AMPA/kainate glutamate receptors modulate dentate neurogenesis and CA3 synapsin-I in normal and ischemic hippocampus. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 20:1669–1680

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brott T, Bogousslavsky J (2000) Treatment of acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 343:710–722

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brywe KG, Mallard C, Gustavsson M, Hedtjarn M, Leverin AL, Wang X, Blomgren K, Isgaard J, Hagberg H (2005) IGF-1 neuroprotection in the immature brain after hypoxia-ischemia, involvement of Akt and GSK3beta? Eur J Neurosci 21:1489–1502

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron HA, McEwen BS, Gould E (1995) Regulation of adult neurogenesis by excitatory input and NMDA receptor activation in the dentate gyrus. J Neurosci 15:4687–4692

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carmichael ST (2005) Rodent models of focal stroke: size, mechanism, and purpose. NeuroRx 2:396–409

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dempsey RJ, Sailor KA, Bowen KK, Tureyen K, Vemuganti R (2003) Stroke-induced progenitor cell proliferation in adult spontaneously hypertensive rat brain: effect of exogenous IGF-1 and GDNF. J Neurochem 87:586–597

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Endres M, Fan G, Hirt L, Fujii M, Matsushita K, Liu X, Jaenisch R, Moskowitz MA (2000) Ischemic brain damage in mice after selectively modifying BDNF or NT4 gene expression. J Cereb Blood flow Metab 20:139–144

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hattori K, Heissig B, Rafii S (2003) The regulation of hematopoietic stem cell and progenitor mobilization by chemokine SDF-1. Leuk Lymphoma 44:575–582

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hou SW, Wang YQ, Xu M, Shen DH, Wang JJ, Huang F, Yu Z, Sun FY (2008) Functional integration of newly generated neurons into striatum after cerebral ischemia in the adult rat brain. Stroke 39:2837–2844

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda N, Nonoguchi N, Zhao MZ, Watanabe T, Kajimoto Y, Furutama D, Kimura F, Dezawa M, Coffin RS, Otsuki Y, Kuroiwa T, Miyatake S (2005) Bone marrow stromal cells that enhanced fibroblast growth factor-2 secretion by herpes simplex virus vector improve neurological outcome after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Stroke 36:2725–2730

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jin K, Minami M, Lan JQ, Mao XO, Batteur S, Simon RP, Greenberg DA (2001) Neurogenesis in dentate subgranular zone and rostral subventricular zone after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:4710–4715

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jin K, Zhu Y, Sun Y, Mao XO, Xie L, Greenberg DA (2002) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:11946–11950

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jin K, Sun Y, Xie L, Peel A, Mao XO, Batteur S, Greenberg DA (2003) Directed migration of neuronal precursors into the ischemic cerebral cortex and striatum. Mol Cell Neurosci 24:171–189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jin K, Sun Y, Xie L, Childs J, Mao XO, Greenberg DA (2004) Post-ischemic administration of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) reduces infarct size and modifies neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 24:399–408

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jin K, Wang X, Xie L, Mao XO, Zhu W, Wang Y, Shen J, Mao Y, Banwait S, Greenberg DA (2006) Evidence for stroke-induced neurogenesis in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:13198–13202

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kalluri HS, Vemuganti R, Dempsey RJ (2007) Mechanism of insulin-like growth factor I-mediated proliferation of adult neural progenitor cells: role of Akt. Eur J Neurosci 25:1041–1048

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kiprianova I, Schindowski K, von Bohlen O, Halbach O, Krause S, Dono R, Schwaninger M, Unsicker K (2004) Enlarged infarct volume and loss of BDNF mRNA induction following brain ischemia in mice lacking FGF-2. Exp Neurol 189:252–260

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kluska MM, Witte OW, Bolz J, Redecker C (2005) Neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus after cortical infarcts: effects of infarct location, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockade and anti-inflammatory treatment. Neuroscience 135:723–735

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kojima T, Hirota Y, Ema M, Takahashi S, Miyoshi I, Okano H, Sawamoto K (2010) Subventricular zone-derived neural progenitor cells migrate along a blood vessel scaffold toward the post-stroke striatum. Stem Cells 28:545–554

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kokaia Z, Andsberg G, Yan Q, Lindvall O (1998) Rapid alterations of BDNF protein levels in the rat brain after focal ischemia: evidence for increased synthesis and anterograde axonal transport. Exp Neurol 154:289–301

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kondziolka D, Wechsler L, Goldstein S, Meltzer C, Thulborn KR, Gebel J, Jannetta P, DeCesare S, Elder EM, McGrogan M, Reitman MA, Bynum L (2000) Transplantation of cultured human neuronal cells for patients with stroke. Neurology 55:565–569

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larsson E, Mandel RJ, Klein RL, Muzyczka N, Lindvall O, Kokaia Z (2002) Suppression of insult-induced neurogenesis in adult rat brain by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Exp Neurol 177:1–8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leker RR, Soldner F, Velasco I, Gavin DK, Androutsellis-Theotokis A, McKay RD (2007) Long-lasting regeneration after ischemia in the cerebral cortex. Stroke 38:153–161

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lenhard T, Schober A, Suter-Crazzolara C, Unsicker K (2002) Fibroblast growth factor-2 requires glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor for exerting its neuroprotective actions on glutamate-lesioned hippocampal neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 20:181–197

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lie DC, Colamarino SA, Song HJ, Desire L, Mira H, Consiglio A, Lein ES, Jessberger S, Lansford H, Dearie AR, Gage FH (2005) Wnt signalling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Nature 437:1370–1375

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu XS, Zhang ZG, Zhang RL, Gregg S, Morris DC, Wang Y, Chopp M (2007) Stroke induces gene profile changes associated with neurogenesis and angiogenesis in adult subventricular zone progenitor cells. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 27:564–574

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu F, You Y, Li X, Ma T, Nie Y, Wei B, Li T, Lin H, Yang Z (2009) Brain injury does not alter the intrinsic differentiation potential of adult neuroblasts. J Neurosci 29:5075–5087

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mattson MP, Kumar KN, Wang H, Cheng B, Michaelis EK (1993) Basic FGF regulates the expression of a functional 71 kDa NMDA receptor protein that mediates calcium influx and neurotoxicity in hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci 13:4575–4588

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morris DC, Zhang ZG, Wang Y, Zhang RL, Gregg S, Liu XS, Chopp M (2007) Wnt expression in the adult rat subventricular zone after stroke. Neurosci Lett 418:170–174

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nacher J, Alonso-Llosa G, Rosell DR, McEwen BS (2003) NMDA receptor antagonist treatment increases the production of new neurons in the aged rat hippocampus. Neurobiol Aging 24:273–284

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakatomi H, Kuriu T, Okabe S, Yamamoto S, Hatano O, Kawahara N, Tamura A, Kirino T, Nakafuku M (2002) Regeneration of hippocampal pyramidal neurons after ischemic brain injury by recruitment of endogenous neural progenitors. Cell 110:429–441

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naylor M, Bowen KK, Sailor KA, Dempsey RJ, Vemuganti R (2005) Preconditioning-induced ischemic tolerance stimulates growth factor expression and neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus. Neurochem Int 47:565–572

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ninomiya M, Yamashita T, Araki N, Okano H, Sawamoto K (2006) Enhanced neurogenesis in the ischemic striatum following EGF-induced expansion of transit-amplifying cells in the subventricular zone. Neurosci Lett 403:63–67

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohab JJ, Fleming S, Blesch A, Carmichael ST (2006) A neurovascular niche for neurogenesis after stroke. J Neurosci 26:13007–13016

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parent JM, Vexler ZS, Gong C, Derugin N, Ferriero DM (2002) Rat forebrain neurogenesis and striatal neuron replacement after focal stroke. Ann Neurol 52:802–813

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robin AM, Zhang ZG, Wang L, Zhang RL, Katakowski M, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang C, Chopp M (2006) Stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha mediates neural progenitor cell motility after focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 26:125–134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suchting S, Bicknell R, Eichmann A (2006) Neuronal clues to vascular guidance. Exp Cell Res 312:668–675

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiura S, Kitagawa K, Tanaka S, Todo K, Omura-Matsuoka E, Sasaki T, Mabuchi T, Matsushita K, Yagita Y, Hori M (2005) Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor enhances neurogenesis and angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Stroke 36:859–864

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suh H, Consiglio A, Ray J, Sawai T, D’Amour KA, Gage FH (2007) In vivo fate analysis reveals the multipotent and self-renewal capacities of Sox2+ neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus. Cell Stem Cell 1:515–528

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Y, Jin K, Xie L, Childs J, Mao XO, Logvinova A, Greenberg DA (2003) VEGF-induced neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia. J Clin Invest 111:1843–1851

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka R, Yamashiro K, Mochizuki H, Cho N, Onodera M, Mizuno Y, Urabe T (2004) Neurogenesis after transient global ischemia in the adult hippocampus visualized by improved retroviral vector. Stroke 35:1454–1459

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teramoto T, Qiu J, Plumier JC, Moskowitz MA (2003) EGF amplifies the replacement of parvalbumin-expressing striatal interneurons after ischemia. J Clin Invest 111:1125–1132

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thored P, Arvidsson A, Cacci E, Ahlenius H, Kallur T, Darsalia V, Ekdahl CT, Kokaia Z, Lindvall O (2006) Persistent production of neurons from adult brain stem cells during recovery after stroke. Stem Cells 24:739–747

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thored P, Wood J, Arvidsson A, Cammenga J, Kokaia Z, Lindvall O (2007) Long-term neuroblast migration along blood vessels in an area with transient angiogenesis and increased vascularization after stroke. Stroke 38:3032–3039

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tureyen K, Vemuganti R, Bowen KK, Sailor KA, Dempsey RJ (2005) EGF and FGF-2 infusion increases post-ischemic neural progenitor cell proliferation in the adult rat brain. Neurosurgery 57:1254–1263; discussion 1254–1263

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Zhang ZG, Zhang RL, Gregg SR, Hozeska-Solgot A, LeTourneau Y, Wang Y, Chopp M (2006) Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 secreted by erythropoietin-activated endothelial cells promote neural progenitor cell migration. J Neurosci 26:5996–6003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Jin K, Mao XO, Xie L, Banwait S, Marti HH, Greenberg DA (2007) VEGF-overexpressing transgenic mice show enhanced post-ischemic neurogenesis and neuromigration. J Neurosci Res 85:740–747

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Widera D, Holtkamp W, Entschladen F, Niggemann B, Zanker K, Kaltschmidt B, Kaltschmidt C (2004) MCP-1 induces migration of adult neural stem cells. Eur J Cell Biol 83:381–387

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamashita T, Ninomiya M, Hernandez Acosta P, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Sunabori T, Sakaguchi M, Adachi K, Kojima T, Hirota Y, Kawase T, Araki N, Abe K, Okano H, Sawamoto K (2006) Subventricular zone-derived neuroblasts migrate and differentiate into mature neurons in the post-stroke adult striatum. J Neurosci 26:6627–6636

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yan YP, Sailor KA, Vemuganti R, Dempsey RJ (2006) Insulin-like growth factor-1 is an endogenous mediator of focal ischemia-induced neural progenitor proliferation. Eur J Neurosci 24:45–54

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yan YP, Sailor KA, Lang BT, Park SW, Vemuganti R, Dempsey RJ (2007) Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 plays a critical role in neuroblast migration after focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 27:1213–1224

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshimura S, Takagi Y, Harada J, Teramoto T, Thomas SS, Waeber C, Bakowska JC, Breakefield XO, Moskowitz MA (2001) FGF-2 regulation of neurogenesis in adult hippocampus after brain injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:5874–5879

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang ZG, Jiang Q, Zhang R, Zhang L, Wang L, Arniego P, Ho KL, Chopp M (2003) Magnetic resonance imaging and neurosphere therapy of stroke in rat. Ann Neurol 53:259–263

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Li Y, Chen J, Yang M, Katakowski M, Lu M, Chopp M (2004a) Expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and receptor in ischemic rats treated with human marrow stromal cells. Brain Res 1030:19–27

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang R, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Zhang L, Robin A, Wang Y, Lu M, Chopp M (2004b) Stroke transiently increases subventricular zone cell division from asymmetric to symmetric and increases neuronal differentiation in the adult rat. J Neurosci 24:5810–5815

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang RL, Zhang ZG, Lu M, Wang Y, Yang JJ, Chopp M (2006) Reduction of the cell cycle length by decreasing G1 phase and cell cycle reentry expand neuronal progenitor cells in the subventricular zone of adult rat after stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 26:857–863

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang RL, LeTourneau Y, Gregg SR, Wang Y, Toh Y, Robin AM, Zhang ZG, Chopp M (2007) Neuroblast division during migration toward the ischemic striatum: a study of dynamic migratory and proliferative characteristics of neuroblasts from the subventricular zone. J Neurosci 27:3157–3162

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang RL, Zhang ZG, Chopp M (2008a) Ischemic stroke and neurogenesis in the subventricular zone. Neuropharmacology 55:345–352

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang RL, Zhang ZG, Roberts C, LeTourneau Y, Lu M, Zhang L, Wang Y, Chopp M (2008b) Lengthening the G(1) phase of neural progenitor cells is concurrent with an increase of symmetric neuron generating division after stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 28:602–611

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao C, Deng W, Gage FH (2008) Mechanisms and functional implications of adult neurogenesis. Cell 132:645–660

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu DY, Liu SH, Sun HS, Lu YM (2003) Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase after focal cerebral ischemia stimulates neurogenesis in the adult rodent dentate gyrus. J Neurosci 23:223–229

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

    Prof. Qichuan ZhuGe M.D., Linhui Ruan & Prof. Kunlin Jin M.D. Ph.D.

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., 76107, Fort Worth, TX, USA

    Linhui Ruan & Prof. Kunlin Jin M.D. Ph.D.

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

    Prof. Qichuan ZhuGe M.D.

Authors
  1. Prof. Qichuan ZhuGe M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Linhui Ruan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Prof. Kunlin Jin M.D. Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kunlin Jin M.D. Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, SUNY Upstate Medical College, Syracuse, New York, USA

    Li-Ru Zhao

  2. Loma Linda University School of Medicine Depts of Physiology, Loma Linda, California, USA

    John H. Zhang

Conclusions

Conclusions

Ischemic stroke induces endogenous NSC proliferation within the SVZ, migration from the SVZ, and localization in the peri-infarct cortex and striatum. This whole process include three distinct spatiotemporal zones, each of them is associated with distinct molecular and cellular interactions. The mechanisms that trigger augmented endogenous NSC proliferation, migration and their differentiation into specific neural types after stroke remains to be identified. Ischemic injury triggers endogenous NSC proliferation by a variety of growth factors , morphogens and neurotransmitters. Neuroblast migration occurs through SDF-1, MCP-1, MMP production and through association with vasculature and endothelial cells. However, whether these neuroblasts could integrate into the surviving brain circuitry and contribute to functional recovery is controversial. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying stroke-induced adult neurogenesis will thus provide the basis for endogenous NSC therapy for ischemic stroke.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

ZhuGe, Q., Ruan, L., Jin, K. (2015). The Role of Endogenous Neural Stem Cells in Stroke. In: Zhao, LR., Zhang, J. (eds) Cellular Therapy for Stroke and CNS Injuries. Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11481-1_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11481-1_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-11480-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-11481-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation